1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
和平公园是一个美丽的公园。
进了和平公园,映入眼帘的就是一扇美丽的大木门,门上有闪着金光的四个大字:和平公园。
进入大门,就看见一个大喷泉,大喷泉屹立着一个大的和平鸽,边上有喷泉口围着,和平鸽正在向和平鸽上喷水呢!
走过喷泉,就来到了动物馆,里面有许多动物,有老虎、有河马、有棕熊、有狮子、还有变色龙……
绕过动物园就来到了鸟语林,鸟语林的小鸟儿可真多,而且颜色不一,有红的、黄的、黑的、白的、蓝的……还有许多品种呢!
穿过了鸟语林,来到了游乐天地,进了游乐园你就会大开眼界,这么多游乐场你看都看不完,有弹跳床、有旋转木马,有碰碰车……真是应有尽有呀!
玩过了游乐园,来到了小河边,那里风景优美,鲜花盛开,绿树成阴,不过那里是鸭子的领地,要是你不小心进入鸭子的领地,那你就可遭殃了。
和平公园,的确很美丽,希望你有机会去细细游赏。
今天是国庆节,我和爸爸妈妈一起去和平公园游玩。
最有趣的是马戏表演,有猴子骑车、狗熊吊环、山羊走花架……狗熊可真可爱,它胖乎乎的身子像我们人类一样直立走路,憨态可掬。狗熊吊环可真有趣,表演开始了,小狗熊却罢工了,只见工作人员使劲地把熊拉了出来,终于表演了,狗熊用它的“手”抓着两个铁环吊在空中翻了一个又一个跟斗。山羊和小猴的合作也让人颤颤发抖,首先,小猴爬到山羊的背上,山羊再站在一个二米多高的花架上,它的宽只有五厘米,开始表演了,只见山羊颤颤危危地走上架子,小猴在山羊的身上倒立起来,可怜的山羊好不容易走到了架子的另一头,又转过身子走到起点,它好像从死神的魔掌中逃了出来……
我们又来到了猴山,它们一个个上窜下跳,东瞧瞧,西瞅瞅,抓耳撩腮,有趣极了!妈妈把橘子皮扔给一只小猴子,它不吃,妈妈又扔了一瓣桔子给它,只见它把桔子瓣的皮剥开直接吃果肉,妈妈又把一整个桔子给它,它把桔子皮咬掉一块,再把皮剥掉美美地吃着……
今天可真好玩,但是我希望国庆长假快点过去,这样马戏团的动物就没有这么累了!
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
去年暑假,妈妈带着我和弟弟去了太原的\'和平公园。
首先让我映入眼帘的是机器人模型,他们摆着各种各样的造型,并且颜色各异,有红色的,有黄色的,有绿色的,还有蓝色和紫色的,然后我们又来到了小池塘,小池塘里长满了荷花,有的花瓣展开两三片像一位羞答答的少女,有的花瓣全开了像一位美丽的仙女,有的还是花骨朵像一位熟睡的婴儿,还有一片片荷叶像撑开的一张张绿伞,有的轻浮于湖面,有的亭立在碧波之上,似层层绿浪,如片片翠玉。
接着我们来到儿童乐园,儿童乐园的玩具非常多样,有滑滑梯、攀岩墙、秋千等玩具,我和弟弟玩了滑滑梯,玩了秋千,一个接一个,最后我们来到障碍物最多的攀岩墙下,换好衣服,开始攀爬,结果爬了还没两米多高就掉了下来,休息了一会儿再爬,反反复复,最终经过我不懈的努力,终于爬上了攀岩墙。
夜深了,我们恋恋不舍地离开了和平公园,在回家的路上,我一直回忆着和平公园内的景物,沉浸其中,意犹未尽。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
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