1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
或许青春就有那些尖砺与背离;或许成长就有那些叛逆与感伤;或许留心沿途的风景,就能感受到亲情的温暖。
留心沿途的风景,或许弥足珍贵。
母亲有一辆永久牌自行车,极旧,上面斑斑驳驳的,是岁月送给它的礼物。我总是劝母亲扔掉这辆自行车,母亲在这时变得很固执。于是我背对着母亲,皱着眉 头与母亲冷战。母亲总是小心地擦拭着这辆车,总是看着它微笑。那天,母亲忽然转过头,对我说:“我们去骑自行车好吗?”看着母亲那温暖的笑颜,我极不情愿 地坐在使我与母亲多次吵架的自行车上。
那是我与母亲的十年。穿过大街小巷,我与母亲拐到母亲与外婆从前的家。小麦的点点香味飘来,那是乡土的味道,我看着脚下车印在泥土上缓缓轧出,画出完 美的弧线。我张开手臂,微风拂来,淡淡的……忽然,母亲的车把一歪,我一把抓住母亲的衣角,母亲双脚踮地,稳住了自行车。母亲急忙回头问:“没事吧……” 我微笑地看着母亲,母亲温柔的声音在我耳边响起;“喏,小时候我和你外婆,也是这辆车,也是这条路。”
那是母亲与外婆的十年。我终于知道母亲为什么舍不得丢掉这辆自行车了,我的心最深处被触碰,我知道,那是爱。那时的母亲也一定和我一样,穿着白衬衫与 解放鞋,露出被太阳晒得健康的小麦色皮肤,看着外婆黝黑的`长发别着普通的珠花飘起,看着地上车印的连绵,看着沿途的风景,温暖如昨天。
那是我们一家人的十年,母亲笑着说:“你和你的孩子以后也一定会骑着这辆自行车,走过我们走过一遍又一遍的这条路。”我闭上眼睛,听车轮转动的声音,张开眼睛,看沿途的风景的温暖延伸至未来。
这条路,有山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还的乐趣;有绿树村边合,青山郭外斜的美丽;有一水护田将绿绕,两山排闼送青来的清秀。更重要的是这条路上还有我与母亲,在同一辆车上,母子俩说说笑笑,早已成一道风景。
在今天,人们的物质生活越来越丰富,节奏越来越快,但感觉却越来越迟钝。远处的树枝多了一丝鹅黄,我们熟视无睹;地上的草儿萌发出新绿,我们视而不见;连母亲的发鬓间多了一丝白发,我们也倏然不知。我们何曾留心沿途的风景?
母亲,我不会再吵着扔掉这辆自行车。
母亲,我会用自己明亮的眼眸,映出沿途最美的风景,收藏在自己心里。因为这风景,体现了亲情的温暖。
我想对车轮说:我不能留住你的经过,就留住沿途的风景在我心里,让我永远这温暖吧。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
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