In this picture, we can tell that the son is talking to his father about his concern about the nuclear waste. His father told him that if he can empty the dustbin first, he can do anything. This is an easy but very important story, telling us that we have to focus on things around our daily life first, and then the things great enough in the world.
In our daily life, it is very common to find some people that talk about their great minds on topics that far away from their lives. However, they provide little concern on staffs that around their own daily lives. These people are usually not very successful because their minds are beyond their grasp. To this end, students who want to be a better man, have to know that one can become greater and greater if they can complete things around their daily life well one by one. They may stand on the top of the mountain in the society finally.
The picture shows us a dialogue between a father and a son. The son told his father, “Dad, I’m a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste”. While his father told him, “If you can empty the dustbin here you can do anything”. It reveals the importance of doing small things well before undertaking something big. There is also an old Chinese saying to go with this that a person can’t sweep the world before he can sweep his own room.
I agree on the point that it is of great importance for a person to do small things well before undertaking something big. First of all, doing small things well entail the qualities that needed in doing great things such as patience and ability of controlling time. For example, when we sweep our room, we need to manage our time and energy reasonably. Accordingly, if we sweep a bigger room, for example, a classroom with our classmates, we should learn how to cooperate and allot assignments as well. And a big advantage is that we can draw useful lessons from the failure of performing well because they didn’t cost a lot.
In another word, though these things seem trivial, they reinforce our manipulative ability and thus our understanding to the world. Therefore, we should not ignore the small things.
It was a sunny day. We decided to have a picnic outside the city. In the morning, we took an early bus to Nanhui. It was quite a colorful world. there were GREen trees, orange leaves,red peach blossoms.
At noon, we reached the place, we sat by the river bank and took out a lot of things, such as bread, orange juice, apples, cakes, eggs and so on.But all of a sudden, it began to rain. Unluckily there was no shelter nearby. We had to take a bus to go back home in a hurry.
What an unforgettable picnic it was!
近年来对鬼谷子的研究有三个明显特点:
1、地方政府的强力推动,借鬼谷子之名发展当地旅游业;
2、应用性强;
3、可信的历史资料普遍较少,且缺乏说服力。
简言概括原著,《鬼谷子》的核心是“纵横”理论,此理论总结道家思想和当时的社会背景设计总结而出:
1、把游说之术纳入“道”,寻找纵横学说的理论依托;
2、利用老子“崇阴尚柔”的思想,揭示谋略的本质和计谋所需的精神状态;
3、对老子“自然无为”思想袭用,设计纵横学说的总原则;
4、利用道家的辩证观念,总结纵横之术的方法;
5、提出“纵横”术语,构建纵横学派的价值观。
“纵横”,反映了鬼谷子学说的价值观,人与择主是一个双向选择问题。
在择主共事上,择主可以“因事为制”,一切皆随自己的愿望而行。苏秦说秦,后为燕赵所用;张仪先赴楚,后说秦成功。
在价值观上,以我为主,以是否取得成功为主,体现灵活性,没有儒家“忠君”观念,更没有“舍利而取义、***身以成仁”的“殉道”精神。而这一点成为后世攻击纵横家的焦点。
正是因为《鬼谷子》是这样确立“纵横”理论的,所以在儒学取得统治地位后,纵横之学即被排斥。
“捭阖”原理:
捭阖即阴阳开合,一阳一阴,或开或合,变化无穷。
捭就是开,主要是让对方开,暴露出真实意图,从而被我利用;阖是针对自己而言,自己要合,要密而自保;这是捭阖之术的总原则。
掌握了阴阳两种枢纽,就能审查万事万物的先后,度量事物的才能,比较各自的长处和短处。
人的禀性是有区别的,有的人德才兼备,有的人无德无才,有的人有智慧,有的人愚蠢,有的人勇敢,有的人懦弱。根据每个人的禀性,分别采用捭或阖、进或退、贵或贱的.方法或手段,顺应每个人的特点来驾驭它。
弄清每个人是有还是无,搞清对方的实际情况。
一般情况下,是顺着对方的爱好阖***来推测出对方心里的真实意图。也可以安安排查对方的言辞,然后依据已知的情况反问过去,获取到实际情况,了解到他想要什么;先“阖”后“捭”,从中得到利益。
也可以公开自己的真实情况,或是隐藏自己的真实情况,不让对方知道。当对方合自己的实际情况完全相同的时候,就可以公开给对方看了,当对方合自己的目的不同,就不能公开。
上述方法是否可用,首先是要搞清楚对方的考虑合谋划,是离是合都要等待时机,先从对方的意愿来尽量满足他,然后适时而动。
如果要用捭的方式,就一定要做的周全,如果要用阖的方式,就一定要做的严密。周到、严密还要注意隐蔽,隐蔽的最佳效果就是微而不显。
当用捭让对方开放的时候,要辨别虚实,辨别清楚之后,再用阖,确定对方的实情。根据自己的实际情况和轻重缓急来揣度对方所想,然后顺应他的想法做出规划,如果不合对方的心意或实际需要,就替自己做好规划,留好退路。
嘴巴是心意出入的地方,心是精神的居所,心所产生的意志、喜欲、思虑、智谋等,都是由嘴巴说出来的。所以用捭阖来控制讲话,控制言语的出入。
捭阖之道,就是反复地使用阴阳进行试探,无论内部有多小,也不论外部有多大,均不能局限于本身,而是需要辩证的对待,益损、去就、背反,都是用阴阳开合之道来驾驭。
“反应”:
所谓反应,就是反复回应,反覆的目的就是为了弄清真相。所以反应术就是打探到对方实情的方法。
反:反观对方,反过来站在对方的立场看问题;覆:审查自己现在的做法。
先秦时期,讲道理说服人往往重视所说的话要通俗形象,这样对方听起来也比较容易懂,也容易接受,最常见的案例是寓言。
过去的注家把“大化”解释为圣人。
所谓大化,即混沌初开,阴阳变化以生天地、化育万物的自然界生成与变化的过程。战国时期处于社会大变革,战争连年,礼崩乐坏。
面对复杂的天下与国内的局势,只有具有足够高的智慧才能应付,于是出现崇拜智慧的社会风气。那些掌握土地人口、军队的诸侯国君,他们个人的智慧和力量已经很难适应瞬息万变的局势。
各诸侯国内原有的思想与社会制度也已经不能适应新的时代要求,各诸侯国为了生存,都不拘一格的选用人才、使用人才。过去的按血统、出身授官的用人制度逐渐被唯才能智力而取士的新制度代替。
在此背景下,政治舞台上出现了一批士子,这些士子没有高贵的出身,没有丰厚的资产,有的只是知识和智能谋略。而要在政治舞台上有所作为,就必须依附诸侯国的国君或者实际掌权的人。
在择主的问题上,鬼谷子提出“反以知古”。
即通过考察历史预知将来,因为在相似的社会背景和相近的环境条件下,社会事件往往具有一致性和类同性,以古推今,对自然食物或社会事件加以认知。
Boys and girls,attention,plealse. I have something to tell you . We are going to have a picnic at Dongshan on the coming saturday.You are asked to bring your own water and food by yourselves because there is no store there. Do remember to put on your sport shoes because we will climb the moutain after lunch.At last, we will get together at half past six at the gate of our school.It takes us 2 hours to get there.
Do be late please! thank you very much!
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