“欲扬先抑”与“欲抑先扬”是相反的两种布局方法。杨朔写过一篇著名的散文《荔枝蜜》。他在文中说小时候因为被蜜蜂螫过,因此对它总有疙疙瘩瘩的厌恶之感,但后来在广东从化参观了养蜂场,尝到了荔枝蜜,又听了养蜂老人的一番介绍,对小生灵蜜蜂顿生敬仰之情,它那勤恳、无私的品质正体现了中国劳动人民的美德。这是典型的欲扬先抑写作手法。所谓欲扬先抑,是指本要大力颂扬的对象,而落笔开始却贬抑它,批评它。前文的“抑”,反衬了后文的“扬”。采用这种写作手法,要自然合理,切不可牵强生硬。
I’m very happy to receive your letter, and I’m glad to hear that you will go to China to learn Chinese here. I have already found a fiat for you. It is on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you there, and it is one stop before the Chinese School. The flat is on the third floor with 3 rooms, one of which is bedroom, the other two are bathroom and kitchen. There are a bed, a sofa, a desk and some chairs in this 25 square-metres small fiat, and the rent is 500 yuan per month. Maybe this fiat is not as good as your wish, but I’ll try my best to meet your needs. If it is not suitable enough, write to me and I will look for another better place.
Hope you will come here soon!
All the best!
Yours,
Li Hua
前后照应法可以使文章严谨连贯,浑然一体,又突出内容和结构上的内在联系。照应一般有以下几种:
1、内容和标题相照应。这种照应方法常常是内容安排多处和题目照应,或在恰当的地方直接、间接地点明题意。如《背影》,文中多次描写“背影”,既与标题“背影”相照应,又进一步点明题旨,充分表达了作者对父亲深深的思念之情。
2、行文中间照应。这种照应方法就是在文章前面写事,后面行文交代前面所写事的结果,使内容相互补充,层层深入。
3、结尾与开头照应法。在文章的结尾处对开头交代的事情作必要的提及,使文章首尾一致,成为有机的整体。如《白杨礼赞》一文,开头和结尾照应,不但使文章结构显得非常完整,而且使作者的赞美之情得到了淋漓尽致的抒发。
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