1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
烟,一个令人毛骨悚然的字,充斥着尼古丁的呛味;烟,一个极具危险的字,让许多人沉沦至今;烟,一个令人充满恐惧的字,使许多人无法回头。
我曾经在我们班做过一个调查,我们班很多同学的单亲吸烟,有的甚至双亲都吸烟。我发现,家里有人吸烟的同学,有时回来会不经意咳上几声,脸色也骤然苍白,有轻微头晕,也很容易生病。相比之下,我是幸运的,因为种种原因,我们家没有一个人吸烟,因此,我们的身体都很健康,此时此刻,我才体会到拥有一个无烟的家庭是多么幸福!
受到各方因素的影响,现在的青少年有不少经不住烟草的诱惑,每当想起了心事时,就翘起了小拇指。
烟,不仅对身体毫无益处,还一点点地侵蚀着我们健康的身体。长期性地吸烟会产生烟斑而导致癌前病变、心血管疾病、节段性回肠炎、皮肤老化……真是说也说不完;更为要命的是,吸烟会令人上瘾,无法自拔,甚至昏迷不醒,严重时,导致死亡!人们总是在病发后才嚎天哭地,却不知道在病前做好预防,杜绝病源;人们只在东窗事发后,才追悔莫及,念唠“早知道,早知道……”可是世上没有后悔药啊,这句格言,每个人的心中早已知晓,可有谁能清楚地认识到烟草的真正危害呢?
在时代进步的今天,科技不断创新,人的素质教育也在与时俱进。有的人为了自己的利益,不惜损害别人,其实受害的还是我们自己!
在今天,纪念第21个世界无烟日的今天,在中国将要举办第29届绿色奥运的今天,我们应该猛然觉悟,为了我们自己的健康,为了周围人的健康,为了全世界人的健康,让我们一起抵住诱惑,杜绝烟头,留住绿色,迎接奥运!
一件小事,从一点一滴做起,从身边做起!明天,更美好,不是吗?
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
淡绿色的藤枝,那么亮眼,心旷神怡。
这是一派向上的风景,让烟草成为这幅画里的装饰,美观、健康;这是一份令我意外的礼物,在无烟日里,这与众不同的标志让眼球为之一亮。那么,你准备好了吗?
2017-5-31,世界第29个无烟日。
在今天,请放下吞云吐雾中的享受。若是有闲情逸致,就去郊外走走吧——去看这夏日里自然的风景,没有火光,就没了伤害;没了燃烧,就多了一份健康的保障。你看这绿色的草场,鲜艳而生机勃勃;你听这小河潺潺流水,声响变得清脆……风光正好,请学会享受,一时的快感,只会使你的生命尽早终止。
在今天,请停止点燃、熄灭的动作。也许我对“尼古丁”的理解,并不如你透彻,但我知道,一克的它就可以使得小白鼠死于无形之中。你的身边,不难找到禁止吸烟的公告牌,只可惜它在你眼中视如无物;你的耳际,时常环绕着家人的叮咛与劝告,只可惜你已陷在这快感之中,无法自拔……点燃一支烟,世界就为你减少了一分钟的停留。
在今天,请让寂寞与心烦时平复的方式改变。坐观其变,不可能使事物发生改变,同理,火光中,不一定能想到解决的办法。看了篇报道,世界上多数吸烟的人,都是因为过多压力而无法找到排泄的方式,则选择了这样一种“病态的消遣”。或许是我太小,无法理解到吸烟为何能使大部分人变得习惯成性,但我希望能在今天和百度一样——呼吁停止吸烟,留给地球一片纯净的蓝天。
再看这创意logo,我们能想到的,绝不止点滴的思路。它的专属解释说,这是烟草衔接而成的、一个完整并绿色的肺。你看清楚了吗——是完整,且绿色肺。那么扪心自问,我们的肺是否换了模样?同样,请望一眼头上的蓝天,地球母亲的肺,还健康吗?
这文字,不是高调呼吁,而是真心劝告。
在高负荷的工作中,你找到这种快速排解忧愁的方式;在高密度的旋转中,你寻到了这份以生命为代价的所谓“休息”。我看到街上吸烟的他们,总是以一种享受的样子——那么,这真的是享受吗?烟草,味道应该是苦涩的;而吸食了二手烟的、你挚爱的家人,心是苦涩的。一支烟,不止是一个人的生命缩短;一株火苗,不止是一种疾病的蔓延。现在,你还愿意吸烟吗?
你的答案应该会让我们欣喜,会使地球母亲满意。我细细的读着百度创意logo的含义,同时也敬佩着这样一个关注生命的团队。就像它画的`图标,我们所期待的世界,正是一个无烟、完整并幸福着的人间。
无烟天空,有爱生命。今天,你吸烟了吗?
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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