论证时使用论据证明论点 的过程。
①论证的基本类型:立论、驳论。立论从正面论述,驳论从反面论述。我们写议论文一般以立论为主。
②论证的基本结构层次:三段论式的.结构。
提出问题(是什么→分析问题(为什 么→解决问题(怎么办。也即:引论 本论 结论
常见的论证结构:
a、总分式结构 b、对照式结构 c、层进式结构 d、并列式结构
③常用的论证方法:
a、例证法(也叫举例论证:用典型事例 作论据来证明论点,俗话说事实胜于 雄辩。
b、引证法(也叫道理论证除引用上述介绍的理论论据以外,还 可以引用一些古 典诗词中的名句,它一方面能加强论证的力量,另一方面,它还可以丰富文章的内容,增强议论 文的文学性。
c、对比论证(也叫正反论证:这种方法可以增强论证的鲜明性,使读者清楚作者赞成什么,反对什么。
d、喻证法(也叫比喻论证,增强了作品论证的形象性、文学性、说服力。
e、类比论证
①准确、严密
②概括性和简洁性。
③使用修辞,体现其用词鲜明、生动和感情色彩。
段落与段落之间 要有非常清楚的逻辑关系 ,如总分 、对照 、层进 、并列等。借助起过渡性作用的语句来突出这种关系。
如:“有”、“还有”、“虽 然、但是”“固然”、“诚然”、“由此”等等。
Avatar is directed by James Cameron.The two main characters are Jake Sully,played by Sam Worthington,and Neytiri,played by Zoe Saldana.
Clones named Avatars are sent to Pandora Planet to persuade people there to leave the planet so that human beings can exploit a rare mineral.Jake is sent there to control his Avatar.However,he comes across Neytiri and they fall in love with each other.Jake begins to see that nature and the planet should be liuxue86 protected.At last he and the people there work together to defeat human beings and send them back to the earth.
3D technology and the beautiful natural scenery are the two highlights of the film.The message of the film is simple — human beings should protect nature and live in harmony with it.
篇二:英语电影观后感
Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J.K.Rowling.The books chronicle the adventures of the eponymous adolescent wizard Harry Potter,together with Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger,his best friends.The central story arc concerns Harry's struggle against the evil wizard Lord Voldemort,who killed Harry's parents in his quest to conquer the wizarding world,after which he seeks to subjugate the Muggle (non-magical world to his rule.
尤其是议论文,是奖善惩恶的,是对 人们进行规劝疏导的,是对人们引导作用的,因此必须有说服力,并要有正确的价值取向。
认真上政治课,经常的看看说理性的文章、名言警句等,将提高我们的思想素质,提高我们认识能力,对我们写作,尤其是议论文的写作大有好处。
它会起到丰富文章内容,深化文章思想,提高说服力的作用。
议论文基本结构及分类:
基本结构:提出问题(引论)、分析问题(本论)和解决问题(结论)。
分类:
如果从文章内容的逻辑关系来分析,议论文具体的结构形式可分两大类:
a.纵式:逐层深入的论述结构
例1.“层层深入”式,先提出论点后,循序渐进的去论证,把道理逐渐展开,最后归纳总结。
例2.“正反论证”式:先提出论点后,先从消极方面论证,然后进一步从积极方面论述。
b.横式:并列展开的论述结构
例如:
有“总论——分论——总论”式,先提出论点,而后从几个方面阐述,最后总结归纳;
有“总论——分论”式,先提出论点,然后从几个方面论证。
有“分论——总论”式,对所要论述的总是分几个方面剖析,然后综合归纳出结论。
总之,分析议论文的结构,先要弄明白中段落层次间的内在联系,还要注意文章中起着承上启下作用的过渡段,过渡句以及过渡词语。
A review of the Pursuit of Happiness
“The Pursuit of Happyness” was released on the 15th of December 2006. It is a dramatic story based on a biography of Chris Gardner’s nearly one-year struggle with homelessness. Directed by Gabrielle Muccino, the film stars Will Smith as Chris Gardner, and co-stars Jaden Smith playing Chris’ son, Christopher Jr. For Will Smith’s performance in the film, he was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Actor. The ‘different’ spelling of the title, ‘Happyness’ is seen by Chris Gardner on the building outside the play centre is son attends, which Chris reminds the owners of the building multiple times that it is spelt with an ‘I’.
The film shows us the struggles Chris Gardner has with homelessness. He is bankrupt because he invested his life savings in portable bone-density scanners, which he thought hospitals would be interested in buying, but in the end hardly any doctors wanted one, as they considered it an ‘expensive luxury’. During the struggles, his wife Linda leaves to go to New York and Chris and his son are left in San Francisco with no income and living in a motel. Chris sees interest in become a stockbroker, but to become one he has to go through an internship. Meanwhile, Chris and his son are evicted because they can’t pay rent, and they are forced to go to a homeless shelter, and even one night had to sleep in the bathroom of the underground rail system. During his internship, he never once mentions his financial struggles and at one point he is asked to give one of his bosses 5 dollars for a cab, a sum that he can’t afford. After an intense six months, Chris is taken into the bosses’ office, and is offered a job as a stockbroker, the final scene shows him being in unbelief of the position he was offered and showing his happiness and gratefulness for the opportunity, Chris realises that his financial struggles are over as he now has a job with a regular income.
Christ was unfortunate, for he got a wife who was not understandable at all (though she has her own difficulties and was in bad luck with his business. But he was very fortunate also, for he got a son who was very thoughtful and, I think, tough life experiences always make a great person. It is said that this movie is inspired by a true story, and I want to say, this movie does inspire me a lot. What impressed me most are: Christ’s wife left him because of life pressure; Christ’s love to his son and Christ’s strong belief towards life. Through these, I know that it is not easy to be a good husband and a good Papa, since in reality, only love cannot only make everything. And I also learn that one has to strongly believe in himself, no matter how difficult the situation is, but of course, hard-working is indispensable.
The bicycle is the most popular means of transportation in China. China is a country “on bicycle wheels”。 People ride them for various purposes such as going to and from school and work. Bicycles are very cheap and easy to buy in China.
There are many advantages to riding a bicycle. First, using a bicycle can greatly help reduce the air pollution in many big cities. Second, people can improve their health by riding a bicycle.
The future of bicycle will be bright. In some European countries, city governments have arranged pedestrians to use “public bicycles” to travel round the city center free of charge.
When I was a freshman in college I watched the film Gua Sha Treatment for the first time, now I am a junior student and I come back to review the movie from a multicultural aspect, I have many different feelings after watching the film again.
At the beginning of the film, XuDatong is given an award and later he delivers a speech. What makes me impressed most is in his speech he says “one day I will become one of you, a truly successful American, today this award proved that America is a true land of opportunity and I am the living proof of that.” At that moment Xu thinks he has realized his American Dream totally with his lovingly wife and adorable son. However, I think it is ironical that to make a speech like that and I assume it is made on purpose to hind a clue for the story's development. How many non—American people have such a beautiful American dream? One of my classmate studies in American now and before he went aboard he told me his American dream is he can stand at the top of the New York. To be honest, I also dream that one day I can get the Green Card living there happily and successfully maybe working at the Wall Street. When Xu gets the award he thinks he entirely melted in the melting pot neglecting the multicultural obstruct, later the plot goes against the way he thinks. And later Quinlan asked Xu'why you be the scapegoat of your father?' Xu answers 'because he is Chinese.' Then maybe Xu knows that there is always a wide gap between Chinese and American cultures.
The second scene is Xu hit his son Denis because Denis hit the son of xu's boss, at the middle of the film xu tells his boss that he hit his own son is only to show his respect to his boss John Quinlan, that time Quinlan feels puzzled “what a Chinese logic”,yes, American can never understand such a logic full of Chinese characteristic, because they respect everyone including the children, they won't beat a child to please the boss, and there is no such a conception of degree between employee and employer, they feel everyone is equal, which is quite different from china.
Connected to the second scene, the third difference I want to analyze is the care for the children. In America, people pay more attention to the right of children which can be seen from the law—leaving children alone at home is illegal, while in China it is so common that almost everyone may experience such loneliness. And Children Welfare Agency does work in America which shows the importance Americans attach to children's right. What's more, I remember a line 'No one won the case, especially the child.' In my opinion, it also manifests the universal concern from the American public to the children.
The fourth aspect is following the procedure, in the film, more than there times, the people focus on the rule, the law, the procedure. At the Christmas Eve Xu wants to return back to his home pretending as a Santa Claus, what a pity, the security recognizes him and persuades 'you are always a good tenement, never causes troubles for me.' And another scene is at the end of the film , the judge says 'I have to follow the procedure.' However, in China people always have to ask for a favor to do something, and later you have to pay back the favor,for myself, I prefer the American style, strict to the procedure.
The fifth and the last point is the humors, Quinlan says 'you can't fall, your health security is the company paid.' 'Datong, welcome home, maybe next time, you can come from the front door.' 'dady, why you come from the window' ' because we don't have a chimney.' I really adore this distinguished American humor, especially in dangerous situations, which is quite rare in China.
That's my whole reaction to Gua Sha Treatment.
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