I'm Lily and I want to invite all my classmates from class 71 to my birthday party.T
he party will take place at my house on April 26th.
There will be Chinese food, drinks, and games. Hope everyone can come.
Dear Professor Wang,
亲爱的王老师:
On behalf of the Student Union of the English Department, I'm writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese History.
我代表学生会和英语角写信给你邀请你给我们做一个关于中国历史的`演讲。
We're going to have such a speech at 2:30 p.m. this Tuesday afternoon in the Meeting Room 401. It would be great honor if you can join in our activity
我们打算在401会议室星期二下午2:30开这个演讲。如果你能来参加我们的活动将是我们莫大的荣幸
Please inform us whether you could come. We're looking forward to favorable answer.
请告知我们你是否会来。我们期待肯定的答复
Sincerely yours,
Jimmy
吉米
社会影响与自由,宗教必将伴随我们成长!
人们对自己的定义,经历了一个从“主我”,到“客我”,再到“镜中我”的发展历程。社会对我们的影响在这个过程中不断加深。最后,社会就像舞台,人就像演员,终其一生都在舞台上努力地和其他演员配合,演出最完美的自己。但是,社会对我们的影响不是绝对的,我们能够接触到的不同类型的文化和制度越多,我们受到社会的影响就越小。当今时代,全球化、互联网络把所有人连接到了一起,所有人都可以共享、交换、借鉴别人的文化和制度。社会影响变弱是一个必然趋势,我们会更加自由。这个时代最好的生存方式,就是珍惜这种自由,和所有人一起,重新塑造一个新社会。
我们再来看看宗教。随着科学的不断发展和理性的普及,越来越多的人认为,宗教在不断萎缩,信教的人会越来越少,甚至从社会上消失。但是社会学提醒我们,宗教不仅不会萎缩,反而会不断壮大,最终,宗教会伴随着人类的历史永远存在。怎么理解呢?
在开始理解之前,我们先得明确一下,什么是宗教?作者认为,宗教的定义是由三个条件构成的:团体、必须遵守的教条和让追随者膜拜的东西。比如说,基督教组织了一个团体,这个团体里的人被称为教徒。教徒们每天都学习《圣经》中的教条并遵守里面的教义。教徒们人手一个十字架,周末的时候会带着它去教堂礼拜。所以,只要有一个团体,这个团体中有必须遵守的教条和让追随者膜拜的东西,我们就可以把这个团体看成是一种宗教。
比如,我们可以来看看足球运动符不符合宗教的定义。首先,它有一个团体,可以是俱乐部,也可以是粉丝群。在这个团体里面的人,大家称他们为球迷。另外,它有很多资料让球迷们去学习和遵守,甚至达到了狂热程度。有一些球迷在比赛开始前会制定一些规则,比如说“开赛那天不准穿红色衣服”“必须准时看完全场球赛”等等。如果自己心爱的球队输了,有些球迷会觉得是因为自己不守规则造成的,比如说自己开赛那天穿的衣服是蓝色而不是红色。最后,米兰的圣西罗球场就是大多数足球迷的圣地,每年都有大批球迷到圣西罗球场进行朝圣之旅。这样看来,足球运动具备了团体、必须遵守的教条和让追随者膜拜的东西三个条件,完全符合宗教的定义,那么在社会学的研究中,我们可以把足球运动也称为宗教。
这样看来,很多事物,比如游戏、健身、旅游等等都可以称为宗教,或者正在慢慢变成宗教。事实也确实如此,宗教的形式可能发生了变化,但是宗教本身并没有消亡。在当今社会,人们更容易找到和自己理念相同的伙伴,结成团体,拿着让自己有归属感和自豪感的东西,共享自己的观念,遵守团体的规则。未来,各种大大小小的团体都会具有宗教的特征,而不同形式的宗教会越来越多,并伴随着我们不断的成长。
作者认为,社会学要求我们放眼全世界的同时,要思考这样的问题:我们如何行动可以让世界变得更美好?他主张用实践智慧的视角,从社会方面去阐释价值和实践之间的矛盾。一旦我们对差异性的后果,不平等的模式和原则与实践有所了解,我们有责任有所作为。
我们可以用社会学的工具来帮助我们和我们身处的世界展开对话,求同存异,看到我们的盲点。虽然在这里包含了很多我们不想面对的现实,例如由物资资源、社会资源、文化资源分配而形成的社会阶级将影响我们的行动、机会和选择。但是,拒不承认生活的.污点,就是一种掩耳盗铃,将我们的社会现实隐藏在虚伪的共性之下。
本人在参加英语BEC中级考试取得了不错的`成绩,现把我半年来在准备作文时常用到的一些句型推荐给大家,希望对备考英语BEC的网友有所帮助。
第一部分、BEC作文段首句常用句型:
一、对立观点命题形式的首句:
1. Many people do not doubt that A is superior to B , while others think quite differently on the issue of _____. Personally, I stand on the side of A .
2. Some people say A , other people argue B . In a word , _____. But I cannot agree this point of view for many reasons.
3. There are different views concerning this topic . Some people like to CHOOSE A , some prefer to CHOOSE B . Personally , I prefer B . I think B has more advantages.
4. From my point of view , it is more advisable to CHOOSE A than to CHOOSE B . 5. Despite the fact that most people prefer A , I would like to choose B because the following reasons .
6. In general , I prefer to _____ .
7. As far as I am concerned , I would like to prefer _____ .
8. When it comes to _____ , most people tend to believe A . But others consider B as _____ .
9. When asked about _____ , the vast majority of people would support that A . But others regard B as _____ .
10. At the risk of address the issue too direct , I prefer A because I think that _____ .
11. When asked about _____ , many people give their opinions that _____ , but other people may see _____ differently .
12. When faced with _____ , quite a few would claim that _____ , but others , in contrast , deem _____ as _____ .
13. When inquired about _____ , the vast majority of people would like to _____ , but other people , who hold an opposite view , consider _____ as _____ .
14. When _____ is mentioned _____ , most people believe that _____ , but other people would rather think _____ as _____ .
15. While many people may stick to me idea that _____ , I would like to prefer _____ .
二、单一观点式
A . Agree
1. One of the greatest writers once said that _____ . Now , it still has its significant realistic value .
2. I would follow the reasoning that _____ .
3. Many people advocate that _____ . They claim that _____ . My opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons .
4. I totally agree with the statement that _____ . The reasons are presented below .
5. After pondering this question on many occasions , I finally reached the conclusion that _____ is something worthy to do and I cannot skip it .
6. my arguments for point are listed as follows.
7. I agree with the above statement because _____ .
8. Nowhere in the world has the issue of _____ been so much debated like in our society .
9. I agree with the statement that _____ without reservation because _____ . 10. Thinking logically , I can only say that the title statement is valid because _____ .
11. I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that _____ .
12. Some may hold the opinion that AAA . But others have a negative attitude . As far as I am concerned , I agree that _____ .
13. Many one have the idea that AAA . However , many others disagree with this argument . But both side of the problem whether _____ are supported by good reasons .
14. Recently , it has been much debated over the problem of AAA . Those who object to AAA announce that _____ . But those who favor AAA utter a sonorous voice that _____ .
15. Recently , there is vehement discussion on the issue of _____ . Those who criticize _____ argue that _____ . They claim that _____ . But people who firmly advocate _____ , on the other hand , argue that _____ .
16. There is a much-debated problem today about _____ . Those who object to _____ argue that _____ . They are very sure about _____ . But people who prefer _____ , on the other hand , claim that _____ .
B . Disagree
1. Until recently , _____ was viewed as _____ . But people are taking a fresh look at it .
2. Recently , we often hear about _____ . But is it ?
3. These days , it is often heard about _____ . But is this really the truth ?
4. I feel such an attitude is negative , and that it can bring _____.
5. Some people argue as if it is a general truth that _____ . But to be frank , I cannot agree with them for the flowing reasons .
6. Despite the fact that many people believe that _____ , I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis .
7. Although some people hold the opinion that _____ , I wonder whether the argument could bear close examination .
8. In the nationwide , discussion , many people argue that _____ . But I can say nothing but _____ .
9. Advocates of AAA proclaim that _____ , but I _____ .
10. Until recently , _____ was regarded as _____ . But _____ .
11. Some people think that _____ , but I disagree with this opinion for numerous reasons , as presented below .
12. Now , it is increasingly mentioned that _____ . Such people think _____ . But I can only cast doubt on whether _____ .
13. Now , it is widely believed that _____ . These people think _____ . But I wonder if _____ .
14. I cannot totally the idea that _____ . Because , in my point of view , I believe _____ .
15. As a matter of fact , I support that _____ , but I cannot agree with the title statement .
16. Nowadays , it is widely held that _____ . People of this kind think _____ .But I doubt whether _____ .
第二部分、BEC作文常用结尾句:
1. Taking into account of all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that_____ .
2. All reliable evidences point to one saying , that is _____ .
3. For the reasons presented above , I strongly commit to the notion that _____ .
4. While it is true that _____ , I think that _____ .
5. Given the factors I have just outlined , I can only say that _____ .
6. This is not to say that _____ . But in terms of _____ , it is _____ .
7. Therefore , it is easy to draw the conclusion that _____ .
8. Recognizing the fact that _____ should drive us to conclude that _____ .
9. To put all into a nutshell , I _____ .
10. In a word , I support the statement that it is better to _____ because Good stuff! Wonder why there are so few hits.
这本书从家庭、教育、宗教三个维度来阐述文化和结构对我们的影响。
对于家庭而言,现代社会最大的改变就是,工作已经脱离家庭转入公共经济领域,学校取代了家庭发挥越来越重要的社会化角色作用。现在,家庭正在变得日益私人化。
从社会学的角度来说,更关注家庭的功能而不是家庭是什么来定义家庭。建立在爱情和情感基础上的后现代家庭,有别于历史上的制度家庭、伙伴家庭,承载着两个主要的功能:社会联络功能和个人需要功能。社会联络功能涉及家庭和社会的关系:我们通过家庭传承社会地位,和谁组建新的家庭,在家庭中学会语言、与人交往甚至基础的生活技能。例如,不同家庭类型的人,对于“长大后我想成为怎样的人”而不同。非洲酋长家的孩子也许是做个好的酋长,家族企业的继承人更大概率去考虑如何运营企业,而普通家庭的孩子,则是在思考“如何找个好工作”。
而个人需要功能包括家庭成员的生理需要和情感需要。历史上,存在过通过多生孩子来提高家庭生产力,从而得到更多的生活用品。而现代,家庭已经能够满足我们的基础需要,并且生孩子在时间和金钱上的花费,越来越高昂,正如我们所看到的,发达国家的生育率越来越低。
像我们父母一辈的,很少将家庭事务如带孩子、清洁卫生、收拾屋子外包,家庭甚至通过像一起聚餐、一起打扫卫生来实现家庭情感的沟通。而后现代社会,由于工作日益影响家庭生活的投入,我们不得不面临很多的问题:如何兼顾工作和家庭。因此,我们看到组织家庭的方式都在发生剧变,而这一切都是不可避免。
教育更是影响我们的机会和选择。作者作为一个大学教授,直言不讳的指出:教育能力可以克制资源获取上的差异,同时也掩盖了我们丧失机会的程度,并由此帮助维持了现状。简单的说,从小沉浸在大学教授家庭的孩子比普通家庭里的孩子更容易理解认知策略中的概率论。
Jiefang Road
Oct. 16, 2003
Dear Mike,
I'm going to the cinema next Sunday morning to see “ A Dream of Red ” , and I have two tickets. Would you like to come?
The film starts at 9:00. Maybe we can meet at the gateway of the department store and have breakfast before the film starts.
Please give me a call if you can come. I'm at home in the evening.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Love,
Li Lei
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