1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
从这则漫画可以看出来几个明显的线索:
1、两个孩子虽然发型不同,但五官尤其是鼻子细看还是很相似的;
2、两个孩子脸上的口红印记完全一致,可以肯定是同一个女人亲的;
3、两个孩子脸上的巴掌印记明显是一只左手印和一只右手印,可以判断是两个不同的男人扇的;
4、两个孩子不管考多少分,都会被女人亲;
5、两个孩子不管考多少分,都会被男人揍;
根据以上线索我们可以勾勒出故事的大致脉络了:
女人同时爱上了两个男人,分别和这两个男人各自生了一个孩子
在一个偶然的机会,两个男人发现自己儿子的同班同学长得和自己的儿子眉宇之间简直一毛一样
通过私家侦探,他们几乎同时得知俩人的妻子在同时和对方交往
两个男人甚至开始怀疑自己在给对方养孩子
在一个月黑风高的夜晚,两个男人分别向自己的孩子伸出了罪恶的手
女人发现事情败露,决定带两个儿子远走高飞
这么多年,女人终于可以让两个亲兄弟相认了,抑制不住内心的激动,分别在两个孩子脸上狠狠亲了一口
至于两个孩子手里的分数
正在高考的同学们,你们要懂一个道理
你们将来在社会上混的好不好完全取决于你爹妈是谁,
和你的高考成绩一毛钱的关系都没有!
牛逼给我0分啊!!!
然而,没有最牛逼,只有更牛逼!
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
升入大学还是踏入社会,这是个问题。是默默的忍受坎坷命运升入大学, 还是勇敢的反击世间不公踏入社会,。 此二抉择, 究竟是哪个更尊贵?
我会怎样选择,不,我不愿投入到社会,难道就这样升入高中么。
我会怎样选择,不,我不愿再受到束缚,难道就这样踏入社会么。
看啊,考场上众人挥汗如雨。看啊工地上人们汗流浃背。
“孩子,自从你出生起,你就有面对选择,生或死,一念之间。功成名就还是默默无闻,都由你自己选择。”一个轻佻的声音在我耳边响起。“滚到一边去。”我不愿对她说什么。
还是点根烟冷静冷静。“你是那个学校的,谁让你吸烟的,灭了。”监考老师威严的声音响起。
我是该拿起烟向他那张狗脸上砸去,还是默默的掐断烟。这又是一个选择。“啊,我不愿面对选择啊啊啊啊。”我的内心发起怒吼。
为什么会有那么多的选择,我望向窗外,跳还是不跳。又是一个选择。最终,我轻轻的把烟灭掉,就算这根烟砸到他的脸上,我又有什么好处呢,是为了一时的威严亦或永生的沉眠。
选择,这TM是个严肃的问题。生则万世通达,死则千古唾弃。
正如当官一样,老子贪还是不贪。又如城管一样,老子打还是不打。再如干露露一样,老娘露还是不露。
最后他们都选择了前者,功成名就。
而我要选择什么呢,我还是继续思考吧。
什么,你说老子没在题上。对不起,老子根本就没说题目。
老子只想说,高考打零分怎么了,这就是老子的选择,老子不后悔的选择。
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