1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
My winter holiday is very dull. I stay at home for most of time. Sometimes I visit my friends and play basketball with them. Sometimes we go shopping.
One day, we go to the KFC. We have hamburgers, chicken coke and French fries. We have sore throats. We go home and have a rest. Then we feel better. We go and play computer games! How mad we are!
This is the only thing I can talk about in the holiday.
愉快的暑假生活结束了,回顾这个丰富多彩的暑假,有许多有趣的、快乐的事情,还有许多人,他们的身上有我一辈子也学习不完的品质。这一暑假对我来说更有一份与众不同的意义,因为我将通过一个暑假的休整、预习,迎来我小学毕业后的第二个学期。
在这个暑假中我参加了英语学习班,担当了一个星期的小家教,负责给上小学三年级的妹妹辅导语文知识,在家中把初二的科目预习了一遍,还练习了一个暑假的彩画。每一天我都感到很充实、很快乐,天天都有新的收获。
对于老师布置的暑假作业,我一向都认真对待,但对于天天练习毛笔字这项作业,我实在是没有把握。虽然在报纸上练习了好几遍,但手还是哆哆嗦嗦不敢下笔。我还专门请教了对书法特别感兴趣的爷爷,让他来辅导我练习毛笔字。爷爷教给我,练毛笔字最重要的是心平静气,不要浮躁,手腕更要稳。我终于找出了自己原来的错误,总是想着要快点把毛笔字写完,却总是写不好。我按照爷爷教我的方法反复练习,终于手也不发抖了,毛笔字也练习的差不多了。这件事使我明白了做什么事情都应该心平静气,真正用心的去做,绝对不能像我原先练习毛笔字时那样,写一笔觉得不好就撕掉从新写,这样下来两个多小时过去了,还是一事无成,这样是什么事情也做不好的。
还有学习英语使我明白了要掌握任何一门语言都需要不断的说、不断的练习;给妹妹辅导语文使我的语文知识得到了巩固,同时也让我理解到了当一名老师,尤其是当一名优秀的老师是多么不容易。
暑假中发生的每一件事都对我有着深刻的意义,从生活到学习都有着重大的影响。暑假是快乐的,而我更希望我的初一生活也能像春天的阳光,像我的暑假一样散发出绚丽的光彩!
It is obvious to everybody that the only way to achieve one's goal is to work hard. Just as the old saying goes "no mill, no meal". Have you ever seen a man who succeeds just by idling about? Of course, the answer is "No". So we know if you want to gain something, you will have pains.
The farmers harvest by a year of arduous work; the scientists gain achievements by years of devoted researches; students get good marks by working hard; even the little ants have their food by working hard day and night. 1 know there are always some people who wait for the opportunities falling on them. They may attribute their failures to lack of good chances. Therefore, there are so many people gaining nothing at last. Clever men know that the more effort they make, the bigger chance they will have to be successful.
So, when others achieve their aspirations and you still gain nothing, don't complain about the unfair fate and don't give up, either. Remember: no pains, no gains.
My Winter Holiday` Plans Well, winter holiday is coming. So whatI am going to do? I am going to read English books,surf the Internet,play badmintoon every day。And first I am going to finish my homework 。In addition, I am going to leave Shantou for Xiamen with my family and we are going to stay there for ten days。And after we are getting there, we are going to eat delicious food,climb the mountains in the Jin Bang Park。That must be a lot more fun and we will very excited。How about you?What are you going to do when the Winter Holiday is coming?
暑假结束了,新学期即将来临。我们不再怀着快乐的心情迎接暑假,而是有着紧张的心情面对新的学期。暑假结束了应该写篇文章来记录暑假中发生的重要事情,那就是总结。这个暑假我按计划完成了暑期作业的任务、在作文方面也有所提高并读完了四大名著、也学会了一项技能那就是做饭,只是因为时间关系并没有出去旅游。这个暑假我最大的收获是学会了做饭。
做饭可是不简单,不同的菜有不同的做法。在我刚学习做饭时连个炒蛋都炒的不好,那可是我平时认为最简单的菜!不过,经过一个暑假的练习,我的厨艺可是有很大的提高,已经可以做出一顿简单的饭菜来了。而这个暑假我最大的遗憾是并没有按计划的那样外出旅游。
本来我们计划等做完作业、学会技能、提高作文并读完了四大名著后开始旅游,也好让我的假期生活丰富多彩一些。可是,天有不测风云,台风来了。它使我们的旅游计划泡汤了,它让我们呆在了家里!我最高兴的是我的作文水平有所提高并读完了四大名著。四大名著中我最喜欢的是《红楼梦》,它讲述了封建时期官吏腐败的现象并描述了贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗三人的悲惨爱情,读完它后会有一种清新寡欲的感觉。而我发现读完《三国演义》后,我觉得曹操并不坏,只是人们把它所做的'坏事夸张了。然《水浒传》给我的感觉是好汉们最后并没有好结果,我想如果继续呆在梁山上或许结果会好些!
这就是这个暑假中令我难忘的几件重要的事,我的暑假虽然看起来并不丰富多彩,可是对我来说却是有意义的!
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