1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
(1 模版1
Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.
Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
(2模版2
In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.
The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.
Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
(3模版3
Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life,ranging from __________to_____________.
The popularity of _______will have a great influence on ______.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand,__________.
To conclude,____________are just like a double-edged sword.With them we may________.However,one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use,always being a master instead of slaving of them.
今天,我写完作业,拿着一块豆沙面包,高高兴兴地出去玩。
一不小心,一块豆沙馅儿掉在了地上。不一会儿,一只小蚂蚁来了,它先用鼻子闻了闻,又用触角动了动,然后,绕着豆沙馅儿转了几圈,好像觉得没问题了,就用夹子夹起一小块走了,我以为它饿了,想给自己搬回去些美食,谁知,它走到蚂蚁洞门口放下豆沙馅钻进洞去了。不一会儿,又上来了一只小蚂蚁,不,是两只,三只……
哦,原来小蚂蚁是把它们的伙伴都交来搬运食物了,你看它们,搬得多带劲呀!小块的一人夹,大块的两人扛,不一会儿,一块豆沙馅就分抢一空了。
我想再看得仔细些,就又故意仍下一块豆沙馅,这回,有一只小蚂蚁想搬块大的,不料刚晃晃悠悠走了几步,自己就被压在了豆沙馅下面,两只小腿在不停地上下踢着,试图努力站起来,我真不忍心看下去,就用手轻轻一拨,小蚂蚁咕噜一下翻过了身,小蚂蚁得救了,它爬到我的跟前,用触角碰碰我的鞋,好像在说:“谢谢你救了我,还给我们这么多好吃的东西。”这下,小蚂蚁吸取了教训,叫了一个同伴一起把大豆沙馅扛回洞去。这么大的一块豆沙馅又被它们搬完了。蚂蚁虽小,但是心里却时时想着别人,有好东西能够大家一起分享,还有它们的团结互助精神和坚韧不拔的毅力,对比我们人类,难道不应该向小蚂蚁学点什么吗?
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
学习雷锋精神是社会主义传统的优良美德,可是当我看完这几幅画后,真为当今人们的思想感到不安。
你瞧,是谁在出板报呢?喔,原来是报社的王叔叔,只见他正拿着粉笔在版墙上出报,他想写“向雷锋同志学习”,发扬雷锋精神,希望人民都向雷锋学习,养成乐于助人的品质。没想到他刚写到“向雷锋”时,不远处有一个青年骑着自行车走过来,当他看到“向雷锋”这几个字时,便大笑道:“这年头哪来的雷锋!”王叔叔听到这几句话后瞅了他一眼,刚想走过来教训这无知的青年,谁知他加快速度溜走了。王叔叔叹了一口气,又继续写下去了。那青年一边骑单车,一边东张西望,一不小心撞到了一块大石头,他整个人从车上弹了出来,摔着了头。有位执勤的老人看见后,由于身体虚,便大喊道:“来人啊!有人受伤了。”王叔叔随声而来,王叔叔看到他头流血了,便马上为他包扎伤口,然后又背起青年往医院跑去。背在背上的那位青年望了身后那位60多岁的老人,心中不由得感到惭愧,他想:就连一位60多岁的老人都帮助我,没有考虑到自己的身体情况,这不是助人为乐的精神吗?他不由地说:“真是活雷锋啊!”
希望社会上的人民啊!学习雷锋乐于助人的精神吧!做到人人为我,我为人人,让雷锋精神永世长在吧!
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
其实这个英语课程也挺不错的,每天上午40分钟的电脑学习和40分钟的教师拓展。我个人认为,这个方法非常好,第一节课摆脱了教师的整体知道,自己根据自己的漏洞来学习;而第二节课则是阅读理解拓展,正好也是我的漏洞,所以这380元花得值。最令我难忘的则是第一天,并不是因为电脑的事。 在上敏特英语的第一天,我起晚了,7:15才起的床,我以最快的速度洗漱完毕,穿好衣服,以豹子舨的速度飞奔向学校。虽然速度快,可还是迟到了,晚了5分钟。我想到学校的老师基本上都很严厉,迟到一会就会“没命了”,我不由得紧张起来,我只听到咚咚的声音,原来是我的心脏跳动的声音。我不由得放慢了脚步,反正已经迟到了,早受罪不如晚受罪。我走到机房门口轻轻地敲了一下门,我只见到一位和蔼可亲的\'老师,她对我说:“今天迟到了,下回不要这样了,去开机吧。”我没想到我竟然奇迹般的躲过了一劫。我打开了电脑,班长坐在我旁边,他笑呵呵地对我说:“咱们真够幸运的,遇上了和蔼的老师,否则你就……”电脑打开了,我认真地学习初三的英语单词,不知不觉中,35分钟过去了。 第二节课我也必须要提一下。进入了第二节课,老师发给了我们一张卷子,让我们先做,这里面的题对于我来说不算太难,但依然有难题。尤其是完型填空,最让我头疼。这位老师在学生中漫步,看到了我就剩一道题,她面带微笑地对我说:“又遇到难题了?自己仔细想想,你肯定能想出来。”我同时似乎吃了信心丸,努力想,终于在老师讲题之前想出来了。
时间如流水,敏特英语已经学习了8天,这就预示着过完年了,要开学了,英语学的怎么样不是说就能所表达出来的,别人不知道,自己却心知肚明。开学了,你准备好了吗?
Everyone may encounter a scene when he or she wonders what the meaning and purpose of life is. Answers to this question vary from person to person. As for me, I agree with the view that the meaning of life is to discover your gift and the purpose of life is to make the best of it.
On one hand, one's gift could be the source of his inner happiness, providing spiritual impetus and correct orientation. Take the world-renowned Chinese pianist Lang Lang as an example. His gift was noticed before he was 3 years old, which laid the foundation of his glorious life. On the other hand, proper use of talent helps people to realize their value in a positive way, thus making contribution to the society as a whole. For instance, Isaac Newton made a universally amazing discovery by digging into his gift and finding the Newton's law of gravitation.
In conclusion, let's search for our true gift and utilize it to the fullest to achieve a happy and valuable life.
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