3.古代日本的老渔民发现如果将几条剩性活泼的沙丁鱼放入一群被打捞的懒惰的鲇鱼当中.由于好动的沙丁鱼在鲇鱼中乱窜,给鲇鱼带来一中危机感,它们奋力游动,从而避免了由于窒息而亡.这便是有名的鲇与效应.
1.在我国经济生活中,有一种“龟兔双赢理论”。龟兔赛了多次,互有输赢。后来,龟兔合作,兔子把乌龟驮在背上跑到河边,然后乌龟又把兔子驮在背上游过河去。这就是“双赢”,竞争对手也可以是合作伙伴。俗话说:“一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮。”想成就一番大事,必须靠大家的共同努力。纵观古今中外,凡是在事业上成功的人士不都是善于合作的典范吗?
3.其实,树有长短,人分高低,水有清浊,面分丑俊,芸芸众生忙碌在大千世界,他们都离不开竞争与合作。竞争与合作永远是紧密相连的一体兄弟,是两种不同的人际互动关系。 马克思说得好,协作不仅可提高个人的生产力,并且是“创造一种生产力”,产生一加一大于二的神奇效果。聪明的人不但要积极与伙伴合作,也要勇于与竞争对手合作并从中获益。
3.美国商界有句:"如果你不能战胜对手,就加入到他们中间去。"现代竞争,不再是"你死我活",而是更高层次的竞争与合作,现代企业追求的不再是"单赢",而是"双赢"和"多赢"。
1. 一个美国成功人士说过:"没有永远的朋友,也没有永远的敌人."这句话说的没错.每个很要好的朋友,很可能在某些因素下成为敌人,毕竟金钱,名利的诱惑是很大的,我们不能保证人都能对朋友忠诚.更有可能,着只是外表的`朋友.敌人也是一样的,我们没有永远的敌人,就像中考,考场上,我们都是竞争的对手,谁也不会因为什么关系而放弃自己的学业.但是,在平常学习中,我们一起学习,互相帮助,着就是朋友是合作,我们没有选择的余地.生活在这个社会里,生下来就要竞争,只有强者才能生存,着也告诉我们一个道理,忽然做给了我们内充分的准备,竞争给了我们表现的机会.我们要合作也要竞争,要成为双赢的群体,只有这样,我们才能进步,才有竞争的资格。
2. 竞争与合作往往是并存的。
3. 我们崇尚竞争,但又不忘记合作。
生命,顽强的生命!它就像这只雄鹰,背向蓝天俯看大地,不停地顽强地挥动两只臂膀,在狂风暴雨中飞翔,就像拥有挣脱一切的力量;生命,顽强的生命,它就像这朵小花,不管风吹雨打在大自然中茁壮成长,就像拥有超越平凡的力量。
在生命的崎岖小路上,又有谁一路走来,没有遇到任何坎坷和艰险?然而面对坎坷和艰险的态度却是截然不同,懦弱的人会选择退缩和逃避,其结果被挫折和艰险打倒,让生命暗淡无光;勇敢的人会选择坚强,战胜挫折和艰险,就像拨开云雾见太阳,使生命绽放鲜艳夺目的光彩。
坚强的人,面对挫折和艰难永不低头,使他们的生命绽放出灿烂的花朵,这样的人无论在身边还是在世界上都是屡见不鲜。世界著名的科学家史蒂芬·霍金,虽然病魔把他禁锢在一把轮椅上,长达40年之久,他却身残志不残,克服了残废之躯,成为国际物理界耀眼的超级明星,他坐在轮椅上,解开了宇宙之谜。他不断探索的科学精神和勇敢顽强的人格力量,深深地感染了每一个了解他的人。如果说他的命运是那漆黑的夜空,那么因为他的坚强意志,使得天空变得月光明媚,繁星闪烁;如果说他的命运是那贫瘠的土地,那么因为他的坚强意志,使得土地变得肥沃,繁花似锦,葱葱郁郁。是的,他的成功,说明了坎坷、艰难使得人生变得更加精彩,就像雨后的彩虹放射出灿烂的光辉。
生命的顽强怒放,也体现了人们对疾病、对死亡的抗争。特别对我们老年人而言,更是如此,我的邻居也是我的好友她得了“中风”,留下了后遗症,腿脚不听使唤,医生说要多练习走路。她多么热爱生活,多么想活下去!她要顽强与疾病斗争,每天她要走3000米到4000米,她是一只雄鹰,她拥有挣脱一切的力量,她拥有超越平凡的力量。那一天,上午她走了3000米,下午又走了3000米,我遇到她,(此时下午4.30,我说:“别太累了!”她说:“没事!”继续走完了3000米。上3楼回到家,对保姆说给我捶捶腿,保姆说:“好!”她往床上一躺,满脸通红,失去了知觉,保姆大叫:“阿姨不好啦!”此时下午五点钟。噩耗传来,邻居们无不震惊与悲痛,有的失声痛哭。事情过后有人说:“人的生命太脆弱了!”而我认为:她的生命太顽强了,我很难想象她是用怎样的超越自己体能的力量,走完了3000米,又爬上了3楼。虽然她的抗争失败了,但是,她的顽强的精神永放光彩,感动着身边所有的人,她身边的所有的人,都眼含热泪,向她顽强和勇敢精神致敬!
但是,我想生命的怒放是一种精神的追求,因为人毕竟是人,不是神。因此在具体操作上不能超越鲜活的生命的极限,还要实事求是。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
折戟沉沙,兵败被俘,是一种挫折;遭遇失败,病魔困扰,也是一种挫折。人的一生难免会遇到挫折,就像平坦的道路上忽然伸出一丛荆棘将我们刺得遍体鳞伤,正因如此,我们的生活才更精彩!
是的,我们每个人都会害怕挫折、拒绝挫折,我们大多时候在挫折面前都会恐惧、退缩!可我们却没有真正发自内心地思考过,原来挫折只不过是生活的一部分,然而,正是这一小部分让我们每个面临作者的人更加坚强,更加成熟!正是因为这小部分,我们的生活才会精彩!
***在牛棚中、在非人的折磨下思考着中国的道路方向;海伦。凯勒在几乎被命运抛弃的黑暗中写下《假如给我三天光明》……他们的人生有如珍珠,虽有裂痕但不能掩其光辉,他们的生活正是由挫折而精彩!
病痛是挫折,在它面前,我没有屈服,尽管是多么地无奈……因为病痛,我懂得了父母的艰辛;因为病痛,我感受到了亲情的珍贵和友情的真挚;因为病痛,我到了人间的真爱;因为病痛,我明白了生命的脆弱与可贵;因为病痛,我懂得了坚强……正因为这些挫折,让我学会了一般人学不到的东西,获得了一般人得不到的东西,让我感受到生命的精彩!
如果生活中缺少了挫折,一生总是一帆风顺,又怎么会有生活之精彩之说?如果生活中缺失了这仅仅的一小部分——挫折,精彩的生活便是无稽之谈。
挫折是一种压力,没有压力,我们前进的动力从何而来?因此我们需要这种压力,它能够化为动力助我们成长,能够让我们的生活更精彩。
挫折其实不是恶意的,是天灾,就战胜天;是人祸,就反思自己。人的一生不可能风平浪静,正因为如此,我们必须面对挫折,必须拥有挫折,我们的生活也是因挫折而精彩!
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
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