阅读一直是我的强项,中国学生一般都是阅读很强哈,呵呵。在开始复习的前几天,我做了三套真题,分别错了9个,4个,3个,然后我就停下不做了,我想做真题主要是适应雅思考试的方式。接下来的日子,有空的话我就做做《雅思阅读真经》,但总共做了不到10篇。在最后一天做了一套真题,错了6个。考试的时候感觉还不错,但结果不是很理想,没有达到7。5的目标。
建议:1,即使是短期复习,也要尽力去适应雅思的方式,因为雅思很多是细节的题,所以要注意阅读的技巧(关于技巧,其他牛人已经说了很多了)
2,在最后复习阶段,一定要尽全力提高阅读速度(我也知道这不是说提高就提高的,但有这样的意识再加上一些对自己有帮助的方法,还是会有效果的)。我有个建议,大家在阅读的时候不要在心里默读,尽量做到一看到这个单词就反应过来它的意思,然后马上跳过;可以在复习的时候,每次做阅读的时候都这样训练。
一、何为“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”。
很多雅思写作考题的提问方式都是“Do you agree or disagree?”或者“To what extent do you agree or disagree?”。很多刚刚接触雅思的学生甚至是老师认为对于这种提问方式无非就是yes或no两种答案,所以文章的观点也就只能是同意或者不同意了。其实,对于这类提问,也可以采用“折衷”的观点,即“partly agree,partly disagree”(部分同意,部分不同意)。但是前提是一定要在文章中从支持和反对的两方面都阐述一些理由,而且最好再提出一种“折衷”方案。例如,考题问“现在很多人用动物做试验,你同意吗?”,考生可以在文中分别讨论支持和反对动物试验的理由,最后提出动物试验既有好处也有坏处,这就是一种“折衷”观点。除此之外,作者还提出了是否能用动物来做试验主要是取决于试验是否能给人类生活带来显著的改善(比如帮助人类发明治疗Aids的药物),这就属于“折衷”方案。
二、“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”的几种形式。
那么如何提出“折衷观点”呢?“折衷方案”又有哪几种形式呢?下面笔者将对常见的几种安排折衷观点和折衷方案的'形式,结合相应的考题进行总结。
(1) 兴利除弊
“兴利除弊”应该是一种比较简单的折衷方案,在优缺点类文章中特别常用。即在分析完考题所涉及事物的优缺点之后,在结尾段提出“优缺点都有,我们要兴利除弊”这样的折衷方案。例如以下考题:
The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
在讨论完英语作为全球性语言的利与弊之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷观点:
To sum up, it is difficult to tell whether or not the advantages outweigh the disadvantages regarding the spread of English as a global language. What we may have to consider is how to accept this trend as positive while at the same time staying away from its drawbacks.
(2) 平衡发展
很多考题需要考生讨论两种观点,通常会有“discuss both views and give your own opinion”这样的提问要求。很多情况下,文中说到的两种观点表面上看来是完全相反,但其实并不矛盾,可以用“平衡发展”的思路来提出观点。例如考题:
Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.
在讨论完发展旅游的必要性和保护文化传统的重要性之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷方案:
We should find the right balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I believe the government has a very important role to play here. In my own country, for example, many tourist cities have made effective development plans to successfully attract large numbers of visitors while still preserving their distinct cultural traditions.
(3) 取决于……
有时在讨论完A和B两种观点以后,可以提出类似于“同意A还是B要取决于……”这样的折衷观点,前文讲到的动物试验是否可以进行取决于试验的性质就是属于这样的方案。再比如下面这个例子:
Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
在讨论完动物当宠物养的理由和动物当食物吃的理由之后,结尾段可以这样提出观点:
From my point of view, there is no absolute answer as to whether animals should be treated like pets or as sources of food and clothes. It largely depends on what kinds of animals they are. But what remains undoubted is that we should treat animals with a humane attitude and bear in mind that they are important in preserving nature’s ecological equilibrium.
(4) 解决方法
很多双边讨论型文章中所讨论的两种观点其实是可以通过某种方案来“化解矛盾”的,例如这道考题:
In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should wok in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.
在讨论完“支边”的利(缩小城乡差距)与弊(年轻人丧失自由)之后,我们可以提出这样一种解决方案:
The best solution, therefore, is not to order, but to encourage. We should instill a sense of responsibility in young people and give more incentives to those who are willing to work in difficult areas, so that we can address the problem of urban-rural disparity while respecting whatever decisions new teachers or doctors have made.
2. Many schools demand the students wear uniforms. Some people think that such a practice can undermine their personality and individuality. What is your opinion?
3. Some people believe that pet animals such as cats and dogs cannot be kept in the cities, especially in busy modern cities. Do you agree or disagree?
4. Nowadays, teenagers cause a lot of social problems due to lack of discipline. Some people think that parents should spend more time staying with their children. Do you agree or disagree?
5. Nowadays, many children have their part-time jobs. Some people say that doing part-time jobs is useful, but others argue that children should enjoy their childhood. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
6. Some people think if students want to learn a foreign language, it is advisable for them to learn it in the native countries where the language is actually spoken. Whats your opinion? Give your reasons.
7. In some countries, there are women taking the positions of police officers, while some people believe that women are not suitable to work in the police force. DO you agree or disagree? Write your reasons and give examples in your experience.
虽然来源于身边社会,但不可让描述方式变的太鸡毛蒜皮,拿不上台面。其实这点非常容易办到,只需要把事件中某一个具体的你,我,他,变成是客观群体,比如说people across the globe, students, they之类的人称即可。
举例的常见表达方式:
for example,/for instance,(后加句子)
Such as/ like (后加词组)
Take... as an example,
A case in point is that......
其次,在举例时还应注意尺度。
1. 应避免使用第一人称和第二人称,为了加强客观性,应将人称写成第三人称。
改正:Those people who raise pets, such as dogs and cats, are more likely to gain happiness and relieve their loneliness.(那些养宠物,例如养猫和养狗的人往往更容易获得快乐并且缓解孤独感)
2. 应避免引用一项调查研究,并同时伴有过多数据。应将数据去掉,用含糊的方法表示。
改正:There is much evidence to show that the number of people smoking has increased at an alarming rate in China. (大量证据表明。。。)
3. 应避免将例子局限在一个国家,尤其是中国。应将范围放至全世界。
改正:Many children around the world like to sit in front of the screen for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.(在全世界,许多孩子在屏幕前待太久,导致了他们的视力减弱。
“全世界”的表达方式:around the world, all over the world, across the globe
【写作真题】The advocates of international aid believe that countries have a moral obligation to help each other, while the opponents consider it necessary, because money is misspent by the governments that receive it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
【名师献计】This aid is essential to the homeless and useful in helping recipient countries return to their normal state after major disturbances. For example, with the humanitarian relief obtained worldwide on an annual basis, victims of natural disasters (such as tsunami, drought, flood throughout the world can recover rapidly and rebuild their homeland.
此类段落不论字数多少,都给人空虚的感觉。考生往往为了凑足篇幅而“不择手段”。表面看来扩展了许多,但仔细永远只有一个意思。不得不让考官觉得即单调又啰嗦。
夕阳慢慢沉下,我像往常一样在沙发上玩弄着我的画笔。这时,你走了过来,半眯着眼,似乎有些憔悴,身上还散发出一股刺鼻的气味。你看着我画的全家福,笑了,随即给了我一片紧握在手里的药丸,说:“爸爸给你买好吃的,别告诉妈妈啊。”我呆呆的望着你,似懂非懂的点了点头,便吞了下去。
忽然,你变了。你瞪大了眼睛望着窗外,这时我才发现,你的双眼仿佛盛着满满的殷红的鲜血,那一条条扭曲的血丝如同裂缝般异常的醒目。我怕了,本能的后退使我从沙发上滑下,你则一路奔进了厨房,口中念念有词:“他们来了,他们来***我了!”我不知为何丧失了哭泣的勇气,只是紧闭着双眼,在瓷器落地时的破裂声和你刺耳的尖叫中,瑟瑟发抖。紧接着,一阵急促的“嗒嗒”声,你的脚步慢慢近了,而此时,窗外突如其来地又响起了警铃。你的咒骂声在我的身后响起,随即,我便被你粗暴地提起,依旧是往日背我去公园的宽厚温暖的肩膀,可此时为何却如此的冰寒刺骨?
我终是哭了,我实在忍受不住这无边恐惧的折磨,情绪的洪流顷刻间奔涌开来,我嚎啕大哭,而这时你的大手拍下,不是平日的爱抚,而是生生地拍在头顶。只感到一阵嗡嗡声,我晕了过去,迷糊中,我听到房门用力关上时的巨响,和你剧烈急促的呼吸……
醒过来时,我躺在车里,窗外是漆黑的夜幕,灯光不知为何总是朦胧,四肢也软弱无力,我偏头望着你—我的爸爸啊,为什么就连近在咫尺的你曾经时刻挂着笑意的脸庞此时也变得陌生而模糊!我使劲揉了揉眼,可始终抹不去眼前这世界笼罩的迷雾。我又看了看身后,那是一个微笑着的布娃娃,是的,那是爸爸你昨天才给我买的,我心里一松,稍稍有点暖意。这时的你似乎也看向了我这里,你把手颤抖着伸过来,我以为你想摸我的头,可一眼看去,那是一双怎样苍白和干瘪的手啊,密密麻麻的,都是数不尽的针孔。我想躲开,然而,你的手转了一个弯,你一把抓起布娃娃周围洒落的“糖”——下午给我吃的一模一样的“糖”,然后贪婪地吞入口里。恍惚中,我眼前的`雾似乎越来越厚了,有几辆头上闪烁着红蓝灯光的车辆擦过,车内又颠簸起来,你又一声咒骂,我却听不清了,前方越来越黑,我又晕了过去……
第二次醒来,我是被撞醒的。汽车似乎停下了,车外是密密麻麻的警铃声,交织在一起,刺着人的耳,刺着人的心。我揉了揉眼,全身都有些酸痛,幸好世界又清晰了起来了。车外有警察慢慢逼近,你猛然转过头瞪着我,在你的眼里,我看到一片血色的世界,随即我便如布偶般被你死死抓住,你又伸出另一只手,从储物箱中翻出一把水果刀,慌张地架在我的喉咙上,那刀锋上的冰寒,一丝缠在我的颈部,另一丝已经深深地插在了心底。爸爸,你难道忘记了吗?忘记湘江边我们一起开心地放飞孔明灯了吗?忘记衡山山顶我们对着星星许下全家幸福的愿望了吗?忘记多少个夜晚你和妈妈一起温柔地给我讲睡前故事了吗?你的呼吸越来越急促,你的脸孔越来越狰狞,可是,为什么你的眼里还在流泪?我也开始哭了。你奋力打开车门,拉着我摔在水泥路上,四周是全副武装的警察,在警察的后面,我看到了妈妈,看到了奶奶,看到了她们惊恐、哀伤的眼。
下雨了,雨滴从黑暗中落下,在地面溅起一层层水花,那是天在哭泣么?我放声大哭,即使每一次哽咽,换来的都是脖颈缓缓流下被寒夜包裹着的冰冷的鲜血和无尽的痛苦折磨。我看到,妈妈和奶奶也在放声大哭,她们是那样的伤心,是那样的绝望。然后,然后我看到你似乎听到了什么,你开始迟疑了。可是当你看到慢慢围上来的警察,你开始变得疯狂,你咆哮着,“走开!都给我走开,不然我就***了他!”你一手拖着我,一手拿刀对着我的脖子向四周比划。爸爸,在你向我比划着刀的时候,你有没有看到,在人群后面,妈妈和奶奶跪倒在雨中,呼天抢地,撕心裂肺!
拉扯中,我身上掉下了什么,你蓦然停了下来,警察们也随之安静,甚至连我和妈妈、奶奶的哭声也变得小声。过了许久,你开始了惨笑,四周的人群又开始紧张了。你低头看着我,我看到,你血色的眼睛里,似乎有一种爱怜一闪而过。你轻声地呢喃,“儿子,爸爸错了”。然后你松开了架在我脖子上的刀,警察们开始慢慢靠近,你苦笑了一阵,忽然又大笑,你举起了手中的刀。
“啪!”一声枪响,你倒下了,雨和血在地上静静地流淌。你的头上,一个深深的枪洞正缓缓淌着血;你的胸膛,插上了你手上的那把水果刀;你的身旁,一幅画卷躺在泥泞里——那是我画的全家福。
你咳着血,喃喃低语:“都是该死的毒品!”
一个国家同样难代表世界。雅思是international的考试,不应将范围框的太局限。此外考官来自各个国家,过分使用一个国家的例子会引起他们的反感。
例:Many children in China like to play computer games for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.
只需小小改动便可成为成功范例。
因此,首先考生应了解,举例是一种常见的论述方式,特别在论述某一些比较抽象的话题的'时候(比如文化类或跟艺术相关的话题)。但是,并不是每个段落都需要例证法,举例过多或过分牵强会影响文章的正式感,甚至给考官喋喋不休的感觉。
举例是为了更加形象地叙述事情。朗阁海外考试研究中心提醒考生们要注意以下原则:
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.