英语作文中常见的关联词【一】
作文常用关联词和常用句型：
1而且，此外（表示补充说明）
besides, in addition , what’s more
eg: Besides , schools, parks, shops, cinemas and hospitals have also been set up.
2 转折：but, however （然而）
3 表示因果：so , therefore（因此）,as a result(结果
4 强调：especially （特别是）, in fact（实际上）, as a matter of fact（实际上）
5 表示原因：because of , thanks to （多亏）, because/ as/ since 6 列举：such as , for example （例如）
7 总结（用于结束文章）：in short, on the whole, in a word （总之）. 8 陈述要点：first of all/ firstly（首先） , secondly（第二） , thirdly （第
三）, finally （最后）
9 表达个人观点：I think, in my opinion, from my point of view（我认为）, as far as I know (据我所知, as we all know（众所周知） 10 表示目的：in order to, in order that/ so that （为了）
11 并列结构：not only ..but also, neither …nor, either …or, both…and 12 常用从句连词：although/though虽然, if 如果, even if /though即使, whenever无论何时, no matter what/when/where/who 无论。。
12 表示时间：at first , next , then , after a while, soon ,before long(不久，several minutes later, the other day, early in the morning, at last ,
finally ,suddenly, immediately, at once
作文常用句型：
1引用格言：As the proverb/ old saying says,”…”正如那句格言所说。。 2 陈述原因：There are many reasons for it .有许多原因。
The reasons are as follows:理由如下
That’s why…那就是为什么。。。
3 陈述观点：different people hold different views/opinions
不同人有不同的观点
Some believe ….while others think that..
有些人认为。。而另一些人认为
Our opinions are divided into two groups .观点分为两组 4很重要/很有必要/很困难
It is important/ necessary/difficulty to do sth.
5 我认为。。很难/很重要。。
I think it difficult/ important to do sth
6 我认为这是我/我们的责任：
I think it my/ our duty to do sth.
7 陈述建议：以下是我的建议
Here are my advice / suggestion.
8感叹句：How excited we were !
What an unforgettable day!
9 so…that/ such…that 如此。。。以致
He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him in his class. 10 too…to太。。而不能
The sea was too cold to swim in
11 so that…/ in order that 为了
My English teacher spoke slowly so that everybody could understand. 12 not only..but also
He was not only a famous singer but also a well-known football player.
英语作文中常见的关联词【二】
……不是……就是……，……或是……或是……，……宁可……也不……，……还是……
英语作文中常见的关联词【三】
Paul Robert在《英语句子结构》(English Sentence Structure一书中指出:“据多数情况来看,歧义的产生并非故意的。它是由运用句子结构时的疏忽造成的,以致没有能够将可以使意义清晰的标记包罗到句子中去。(周立人,1997∶6”于是忽视使用表明句子结构的句法代号就引起了语法歧义。伍谦光(1995∶199认为:“‘语法歧义’是指由于对句子中的句法结构有不同理解而产生的歧义。”语法歧义最常见,也最复杂。下面是一些具有代表性的类例:
1.1词性
一个句子往往由于无法确定某个词的词性而变得无法理解。
(1College demands change.
很明显,例句中的demands既可理解为动词,也可理解为名词。change同样如此。于是此句就产生了两个不同的意思:(1大学要求改革。demands是动词,change是名词。(2大学的要求改变了。demands是名词,change是动词。
1.2名词(修饰语+名词
1.2.1复合名词或名词短语
(2an English teacher
此例在书面语中易引起歧义:(1一位教英语的老师。English teacher是一个复合名词。(2一位来自英国的老师。English作为修饰语加在名词前构成名词短语。
1.2.2-ing+名词
(3Flying planes can be dangerous.
此句也产生了两种意思:(1驾驶飞机会是危险的。Flying是动名词。(2正在驾驶的飞机会有危险。Fling是现在分词,作形容词用。
1.3带有’s的名词所有格
(4This is his teacher’s book.
句子中teacher’s book可以是一个整体,即“教师用书”。但his teacher也可以是一个整体,即“他的老师”。所以此句产生了两个意思:(1这是他的教师用书。(2这是他老师的书。
1.4不定式动词短语
(5The tiger is too small to kill.
此例也有两种含义:(1这只老虎太小以致于不能伤人。此意对tiger来说,是主动的动作。(2这只老虎太小了,还不能被***。此意对tiger来说,是被动的动作。
1.5“及物动词+宾语”结构
(6I found Jim an experienced teacher.
及物动词found后面接了两个名词Jim和an experienced teacher。这句话有两个意思:(1我发现吉姆原来是一位有的老师。(2我为吉姆找到了一位有经验的老师。
1.6并列连词and
(7Tom and Lucy are married.
此句可理解为:(1汤姆和露西两个成了亲。其中and连接两个名词,构成一个简单句。(2汤姆和露西两个都已结婚。该句可看作一个并列句。
1.7悬挂式否定词not
(8His object is not to eat.
此句产生的两种意思为:(1他的目的不是吃。作此意讲时,is和not的关系紧密,可写作isn’t。(2他的目的是绝食。作此意讲时,not与to eat的关系紧密,形成“绝食”的含义。因此not是悬挂式的(即可以自由摆动。
1.8悬挂式代词
(9The man informed his brother that he should lose weight.
人称代词he位于两个名词the man和his brother之后,句意变得模糊:(1这个男的告诉他的哥哥他自己应该减肥。人称代词he代指the man。(2这个男的告诉他的哥哥他应该减肥。这时人称代词he代指his brother。
1.9悬挂式状语修饰成分
(10The people who saw the play frequently praised it.
这里的frequently很难说是修饰saw the play还是praised的,因为状语修饰成分是“悬挂的”,所以产生了两个意思:(1经常看戏的人们称赞了它。(2看了这出戏的人们频繁地称赞它。
1.10悬挂式定语修饰成分
(11Lily likes the vase on the table which she bought yesterday.
此句中的which she bought yesterday是定语从句,这个定语从句可认为是修饰vase,也可以认为是修饰table。也引起了歧义:(1莉莉喜欢放在桌子上的那个昨天买的花瓶。(2莉莉喜欢放在昨天买的桌子上的那个花瓶。
英语作文中常见的关联词【四】
尽管……可是……，虽然……但是……，……却……，……然而……
英语作文中常见的关联词【五】
It was Sunday. Our teacher Mr Zhu led us to a park nearby.Usually we go to the park to spend our holiday. But today we went there to take part in voluntary labour.
We got there at nine o'clock. Mr Zhu divided us into three groups and then we began working.
The students in Group One planted trees and watered flowers. The studentsin Group Two were busy collecting litter left by the tourist. They also cleaned the benches in the park. I was in Group Three. We went to the children's playground and cleaned all the equipment there. We worked very hard.
At about eleven we finished working. We met at the gate of the park. We all felt tired but very happy.
英语作文中常见的关联词【六】
伍谦光(1995∶200指出:“‘语音歧义’往往是由于句中词语的‘连续’而产生的歧义。”语音歧义多出现于口语中,主要是由上图表中的同音异义词以及部分同形同音异义中的C类(即一些意义不同,但某些语法形式相同的词(Homoforms造成的。下面是一实例:
(22“面包是怎么做的?”
“这我知道!”阿丽丝热心地叫道。
“准备一些面粉(flour——”
“到哪儿去采花(flower?”白女王问道,“花园里还是树篱上?”
“咦,面粉不是采(picked来的,”阿丽丝解释道,
“它是磨(ground出来的——”
“那要多少英亩土地(ground呢?”白女王又问道。
——刘易士·卡罗尔《阿丽丝漫游奇境记》
上面这一段文字因为运用了语音歧义,造成了很好的幽默效果。首先flour与flower是同音异义词,因此白女王把面粉flour理解成了花粉flower。其次阿丽丝用的ground是动词grind(磨碎、碾碎的过去分词,而白女王把ground理解成了“土地”。这一组就是笔者认为的由意义不同、但某些语法形式相同的词(Homoforms造成的语音歧义。
