Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
本文以 为说明对象,先后说明了 说明对象的 哪些方面 ,倡导我们要 怎样做
(或警示我们 不能怎样做 ,我们要 怎样做 )。
总之,完成这个题型,一要准确判定文章的说明对象,二要掌握说明文段意的概括概括方法,三要掌握说明意图归纳方法。这三个小问题解决了,这一题型的解答,就会游刃有余。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
钙中钙:现在的月饼啊,它含金量高,吃一个顶过去五个,方便!你瞧我,一口气上五楼,不费劲!自从吃了月饼呀,腰不疼,腿不软,包月饼也有劲了!
《大话西游》:吃月饼需要理由吗?需要吗?不需要吗?
《南极人广告》:地球人都吃月饼
《大宝广告》:月饼?明天咱也吃一回试试去啊!
《乐百事广告》:今天,你吃了粽了没有?
《蓝天六必制》:牙好,胃口就好,身体畚棒,吃月饼辈快!
《汇源肾宝》:你吃,我也吃!
《海尔广告》:海尔,吃月饼到永远!
《旺旺》:每天早上起来第一件事,大喊一声:我要月饼!
《第五季》:今年流行吃月饼!
《玉俪粉底霜》:你看见我月饼了么?
《雪花啤酒》:开心有理由,一次吃两个月饼。
美特斯邦威:不吃寻常的月饼。
特步:吃了月饼,成了仙的感觉。
百事:月饼无极限。
李宁:吃月饼,一切皆有可能。
旺旺:你吃,我吃,大家吃,吃月饼~
农夫山泉:月饼有点甜~
好迪:大家吃月饼,才是真的端午节。
白加黑:白天吃一个月饼,不瞌睡;晚上再吃一个月饼,睡得香。
娃哈哈:妈妈,我也要月饼!
清嘴:你知道月饼的味道吗?
安踏:我吃月饼,我喜欢!
(一)指出文章的说明对象
说明对象有两种:一种是具体的事物;一种是抽象的事理。
回答问题时要注意两个要点:
一是,关注说明指向的核心——是事物,还是事物、行为内部蕴含的抽象之理。
例如:为什么我国的石拱桥会取得如此辉煌的成就呢?首先,在于我国劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。他们制作石料的'工艺极其精巧,能把石料切成整块大石碑,又能把石块雕刻成各中形象。在建筑技术上有很多创造,在起重吊装方面更有意想不到的办法。如福建漳州的江东桥,修建于八百年前,有的石梁一块就有二百来吨重,究竟是怎样安装上去的,至今还不完全知道。其次,我国石拱桥的设计有优良传统,建成的桥,用料省,结构巧,强度高。再其次,我国富有建筑用的各种石料,便于就地取材,这也为修造石桥提供了有利条件。
这段文字,说明的核心指向的不是“我国的石拱桥”,而是“我国石拱桥取得辉煌成就的原因”,作者着眼点不在“石拱桥”这一事物,而在“为什么”这一本质。
二是,关注自己的语言表达——是否严谨、准确、完整
首先要注意必须有的限制词不能丢。这里有同学会把说明对象表达成“石拱桥取得辉煌成就的原因”,少了一个限制词“我国”,这句话的表达的含义就由“中国的石拱桥”扩大到“世界范围内的所有石拱桥”,导致表意范围错误。其次要注意表意的完整性,明确表明说明对象是事物还是事理。有的同学这样表述本段的说明对象——我国石拱桥取得辉煌成就,这样表述因为表达不完整,让答案介于事物和事理之间,不伦不类。
(二)对说明文主体段落进行高度概括,指出每段分别说明了这个说明对象的哪个方面特征或特点
一段文字,介绍一个说明对象,因为文字有限,无法面面俱到,所以每个自然段只能说明一个事物或事理的一个或两三个有限的方面。我们通过概括,逐段指出说明了哪些方面内容,叠加到一起,就完成了对说明文表象内容的整体概括。例如,一篇说明汽车的文章,主体部分:第一段说明的是外形、第二段说明的是颜色、第三段说明的是结构、第四段说明的是行驶原理。
(三)形成标准化的语言表达形式
本文以 为说明对象,先后说明了
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
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