I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
四年后的今天,我又遇上了初三毕业升学,在陌生的考场门口再次张望时,却再也无法找到那个熟悉了十五年的身影为我守候。
猛然想起,妈妈与我久违已经有一千多个日日夜夜了。
依稀记得,妈妈会变戏法,总是能从怀里掏出我想要的东西,如芝麻糖、锅巴、果冻,而最多的是苹果。
我爱吃苹果,却从未对妈妈说过“谢谢”!
有一次妈妈开玩笑说:“儿子,我看着你吃比妈妈亲口吃还要香,等我老了你再买东西给妈妈吃。”每每于此时,我就跑到妈妈的怀里说:“妈妈,你老了,我养活你!”妈妈笑了,笑得眼眶里都盈满了泪水。
后来,到了四年级,面对日渐繁难的课业负担,我和妈妈交流的次数就不如往常那么多了,她有时想和我逗乐子,但一看到我在做作业,便不忍打扰,放下苹果就坐在一边了。
妈妈因患急性再生障碍性贫血住院时,我正在忙六年级期中考试,当我拿着进步很大的成绩通知单回到病房时,那么多人围着妈妈,我手上的单子顿时掉在地上。爸爸拾起揉皱的通知单拉着我的.手说:“***妈一直在等你。”我猛地趴在妈妈身边,苦苦呼唤她,处于半昏迷状态下的妈妈有气无力地用手指了指床头柜上堆放的苹果,眼角涌出了泪水。妈妈的手慢慢冰凉了,松开了,任凭我的号啕声在病室回荡,却始终没能看到她再次睁开眼睛。
今天,我背负着妈妈的嘱托,在考场上答卷,我相信我不会让她失望。
有些事,错过就是永远;有些人,一转身就是一辈子。不要忽略任何爱的表达,哪怕只是一个小小的学习用品或水果,因为毕竟有多少爱能够从头再来呢?
落日熔金,暮云四合,晚霞带着我无尽的哀思落在故乡那抔荒冢上。云无语,草默默,思绵绵,恨悠悠。
“婷,Go,回老家,你可好几年没回去了,去瞧瞧!”
“有什么好瞧的,上次去受的罪还嫌少?”我嘟着嘴,心不甘情不愿。
“还说我们见识少,你呀……”妈妈指着我的头笑道。
最终还是我投降,被拉着踏上了回老家的中巴。
一路上,五年前的情景又浮现在眼前,村子前的路穿的泥土做成的衣裳,睛天尘土扬,雨天泥水溅。房子也都巴掌大,且挤着一大家子的.人。人们穿得破破烂烂,且很单薄,一到冬天冷得发抖,连访亲拜友也没有一件像样的衣服。吃的是红薯稀饭。哎,往事不堪重提,这次可别呆太久了,我可不想多受罪。
“到了,下车吧!”见我呆呆的,妈妈急忙招呼我下车。“咦,我们走错了,老家可不是这样子,我们一定是坐过车了。”看着富丽堂皇的村舍,我简直不敢相信。的确,这么好的地方,量你也不会相信,水泥铺成的公路,宽敞笔直。村子里庭院式的楼房,一排排座落有序。村边的几座工厂机器轰鸣。这跟五年前的老家比,可是一个在天堂,一个在地狱。见我目瞪口呆,妈妈拍拍我的肩说:“没走错,我不路,怕你连家门都找不到啰。”
怕迷路,我只好跟在妈妈身后。村子越来越近,我也看得越来越清楚。“这是谁的家?这么靓!”“说出来吓死你,这是懒神的家。”“什么?”我真是吃惊不小,懒神可是方圆几十里出了名的,他双亲在世时,两老养着,过得还不错,自从老人仙世,坐吃山空,耗得家徒四壁,还时常搓两把,越搓越输越眼红……“哎哟,小秀才,请进!请进!”看见了我们,懒神极力请我们进他家。屋里好靓,家用电器全是最新款式,那空调,那手机,全是富贵一族。
全然没了出门前的寒颤,老家的新貌,在我心里泉涌一般暖意,催我脚踏风火轮,急于一睹自家青春的面容。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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