城市与乡村的差距很大。比如:城市里到处都是高楼大厦,看起来雄伟壮观,到处都听到汽车喇叭声“嘟嘟嘟”“嘟嘟嘟”还有从汽车排气洞里排出的烟,乡下就不一样,到处都是一间间小屋子,用瓦片做房顶,看起来好像是风景名胜的屋子,不像城市里的房子,在乡村里每天傍晚都可以闻到香香的气味,那是为什么呢?原来是傍晚农民伯伯在烧菜烧饭呀!城市礼花草书木很少,菜场里,看起来虽然蔬菜.水果.鱼.米.虾.很多,但是,这些东西都打过农药,不新鲜!乡下,蔬菜.水果特别新鲜,一点农药都没打过,尤其是刚刚被农民伯伯栽下来的蔬菜,跟是新鲜。当然,农村也有落后的`地方。城市里科技特别先进,有汽车,有空调,有电视,而乡村呢?科技一点也不发达,没有科技发达的东西,还有些贫困,家里连电灯也没有,城市里,广场上,公园里都是人山人海的,人们个个都摩肩擦掌,挤都挤不过来,说得夸张点,连路都走不了!而乡下到处是冷冷清清的有些人还嫌乡下地方太大,谁知道城市里要比乡下大得多!
城市和农村真像人一样,各有各的特点!
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
大城市的交通方便,可以以最快的道路到达目的,商店密集,不用担心需要走很多路才能买到生活所需的.物品,像城市有许多商店都是二十四小时不打烊,让夜猫族或是想吃宵夜的人,不用担心需要的东西会买不到,使的台北市白天和黑夜的商店街看起来没有什么不同,造就了城市不夜城的称号。
但是大城市也不可能完美无缺,都市人们生活的步调紧凑,一早起来赶着吃早餐去公司上班,马不停蹄的努力工作,周而复始,每天都如此繁忙,使的许多人只有在假日才能好好休息,放松心情。
小乡村和大城市的生活有着天壤之别,小乡村的优点是环境比较安静,不会有太多的噪音,也不用因人潮拥挤,每天赶着上班、上学,生活很悠闲,因为人口少,有许多广阔的地,所以房子都不会建的太高,但都盖的很大,爬楼梯不用那么辛苦,至于剩下的地大部分都拿来种稻田、蔬菜、水果、花草,只要一进到乡村,放眼望去,大部份全都是农田,也因为车子和工厂很少,又有众多植物环绕,空气比较新鲜,不会常常闻到许多肮脏的废气。
但是小乡村因为工作机会少,导致许多年轻人都到城市里找工作赚钱养家,使的乡村只剩下老人和因为父母在外地上班而接受隔代教养的小孩,所以乡村里非老既幼,缺少年轻人,让乡村没有翻身的机会,经济萧条,交通也很不方便,买个东西可能要到很远的地方。
不管大城市和小乡村各有各的优缺点,适中其实是最好的,有些县市就是刚好拥有了城市和乡村的优点,二种好处一次拥有是许多人梦寐以求的居住环境,未来,是否能有更多这样的地方,是否再设计都市或乡镇时,都能多方考虑,使科技与自然在人们的居住品质取得最佳平衡呢?这是一个极需大家深思的问题吧!
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
走进乡村,一大片金黄色的稻田映入眼帘,令人感到活力十足,斗笠下农民黝黑脸上的笑容,更是让人亲切了起来;乡村的村民们相处融洽,让人感到浓浓的人情味,然而乡村交通不便,科技不发达,工作机会少,导致人口外移严重,不过也因为交通和科技的不便捷,使乡村人民更能维系之间的感情。
走进城市,参天的高楼耸入云霄,街道上的车辆络绎不绝,彷佛正在和时间赛跑;城市交通方便,科技发达,几乎是人手一个手机,但也因为这样,出现了许多低头族,明明对面正坐着朋友,却忙着和手机里的人话家常,双手不停地滑动!而忙碌的父母也使得孩子放学后只能自己在家,再加上邻居又不熟稔,所以变成了独居小孩,这真是城市的悲哀!
城市和乡村的优缺点形成强烈的对比,各自拥有别人所没有的,若能珍惜所有,好好爱惜当下资源,找回一颗满足的心,我相信,无处不是乡村、无处不是城市。
Country Garden and Me
On the way from Panyu City to Shunde City and approaching the conjunction point of both cities, a big advertisement board of the infamous Country Garden will catch your eyes. And on the board, a lovely girl gently holds a little white pigeon.
She looks at everybody with a sweet smile. Who is this girl? Let me tell you later. Country Garden is located at the Beijao town, Shunde City of Guangdong Province. Ten years ago when my Dad and Mom took me as a baby to Guangzhou, it was a wasteland here. But what does this piece of wasteland look like nowadays? Country Garden has been developed and enlarged rapidly on the ground of this land, and a great number of high-quality houses and apartments have been built up within the garden. Over the past decade, other nine country gardens with various unique designs have been erasing around the great city of Guangzhou. The construction and management of several gardens have engaged the devoted contributions from my Dad and Mom.
Country Garden has grown up together with me, and I am one of the witnesses of its growth and development.
1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
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