黄河仅次于长江,是中国第二大河,干流全长五千四百六十四公里,流经青海、四川、甘肃、宁夏、绥远、陕西、山西、河南及山东九个省份,成“几”字形,向东注入渤海,沿途汇集了三十多条主要支流和无数溪川,流域面积达七十五万多平方公里。中游段流经广大的黄土高原地区,许多支流夹带大量泥沙汇入,为世界上含沙量最多的河流,河水呈黄色,因而得名。
黄河发源于青海巴颜喀拉山北麓的约占宗列渠,海拔五千四百多公尺,四周高山终年积雪。黄河源流段有星宿海,是一片无数小湖的沼泽。出星宿海后进入鄂陵湖和札陵湖到玛多,绕过积石山和西倾山,穿过龙羊峡到达青海贵德,长一千九百多公里。上游段自贵德至绥远省河口镇,长一千五百多公里。黄河在甘肃境内,穿过不少大峡谷,汇集许多支流。中游段从河口镇到河南盂津,长一千一百多公里。河水折向南流,纵贯黄土高原,夹带着大量泥沙,汹涌而下,到了壶口,地势陡落,形成壶口瀑布,接着穿过龙门峡流到潼关,河道变宽,因汇人汾沁、洛河和消水等支流,水量大增。河水到潼关为华山所阻,折向东流,过三门峡到盂洛,便进入平原地区。下游段自孟津到山东利津县注入渤海,长八百七十多公里,由于泥沙淤积,水流缓慢,两岸筑有大堤,成为高出地面的地上河。
黄河河道以源流段和上游段最曲折,中游段次之,而下游段则笔直。从兰州到潼关,河水绕流一个长方形的`三边,那就是著名的河套,约长二千公里。古时下游河道游移不定,河水有时在山东丘陵以北注入渤海,有时在山东丘陵以南夺淮流入黄海,两者相距达五百公里。
在历史上,黄河流城经常泛滥成灾。据记载,二千多年来,黄河下游溃堤达一千五百多次,较大规模的改道有二十六次,水灾范围北至天津,南达江苏、安徽,广达二十五万平方公里。河水夹带到下游的泥沙总量,平均每年超过十六亿公吨。由于下游段地势低平,河道坡降平缓,流速减低,大量泥沙于是沉积在河床上,平均每年逾四亿公吨,其余泥沙则流到河口,冲积成向海伸展的河口三角洲,平均每年造陆达二十多平方公里。黄河流域有肥原沃土,物产丰富,山川壮丽,居民几占中国总人口四分之一,耕地则约占全国四成。
May first is a Sunday. And it is the Labor's Day.
My mother said to me:"Open your eyes!And look out of the window. What a fine day! Let's go to park,"So my mother, my classmate and I went to the park.
We took some foods in my schoolbag.
On the way to the park. I saw the blue sky with snow-white clouds. I saw pear trees and some apple trees and so on. Below the trees, there are several kinds of flowers.
It's colorful, blue, red, yellow, pink, purple, orange and white. I saw some balloons and butterflies in the sky. I ate popcorn, cornflakes, banana and lollipop. They were wonderful.
In the afternoon, we went to the zoo. I visited the birds, mice, cats, dogs, budgies, hamsters, rabbits and so on.
May Day is my favorite day.
It is a memory full of joy that we have 3 day off for labor’s day. To celebrate this short holiday, my uncle decided to take us to Yangmei ancient town to have a visit.
The road to the town is really painful. We waited for about 4 hours to board the ship. The mosquito on the road made my little cousin cry all the time. I felt just like it was the worst day in my life. Our car was in the end of line, and the start of the line was unknown. They said there was only one ship that only brings 8 cars at a time. I considered going home but I really wanted to have a look at that ancient town, so we waited. Thank god. The endless waiting did have an end. We arrived Yangmei at 2 o’clock in the afternoon.
The town is really amazing. Modern architectural design seems no effect the buildings there. People there still live in the house make of woods and black brick. They grow plants in the house. In the hall, it is evergreen, means the family is like the plant never decays. In the front door are some flowers with bright color, or a tree with age. The family tree is on the wall. We can see the beginning of their family was Ming Dynasty. One of the restaurants there impressed me. The restaurant is an ancient house of a big and rich family. The house is old with a bed where people lay and did some reading in the old times. The most interesting thing was that there are two red bridal sedan chairs in the front door. They are telling the love and marriage in the old days. The house also has an attic. Water flows through the tube on the left side of it.
A river runs through this town, and the water is clean. We chose a riverside restaurant to have our lunch. The food there was wonderful. We had a good time there. Despite the traffic jams. Yangmei is really a good place to visit. I hope I can visit there again when all the roads and ships are ready for cars.
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