暑假即将来临。
你班同学讨论了假期计划,提出了不同看法。
请根据提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文,并谈谈你的看法。
注意:1.短文必须写在答题卡的指定区域,词数80——120(不含已写好部分)。
2.短文必须包括表中所列要点,可根据内容分段表达。
3.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
4.参考词汇:眼界——horizon(或view)
One possible version:
The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday. Some are in favor of staying at home. They think it’s both convenient and comfortable. What’s more, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.
However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.
In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.
当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。
有人选择看电影,有人则喜欢读原著。
请你以“Film or book, which do you prefer”为题,按照下列要点写一篇英语短文:
1、看电影:省时、有趣、易懂
2、读原著:细节更多、语言优美
3、我的看法及理由
注意:1、词数:1502、参考词汇:original work或book in the original(原著)One possible Version
Film or book, which do you preferis that it takes less time to understand the whole story. Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow.
They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful. home, reading quietly in a situation of my own, and what’s more, I am able to better understand the author’s ideas. In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.
由于在很多情况下,说明文是对客观存在的说明与介绍,因此语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉,比如:
(1)I think that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
(2)It is said that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
相比之下,例(2)的语言要比例(1)的语言客观一些,容易让人接受一些。如果再作一些表述上的改动:
(3)Getting up late is not always a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
引进著名人士作为信息的来源,可以使想要说明的内容更具有说服力。如果我们将例(3)中的always再改为necessarily,就可使整个句子更客观、委婉,便于为读者接受:
(4)Getting up late is not necessarily a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
在英语中,采用被动语态,引进权威的信息来源以及选用委婉的词语是使说明文避免主观色彩,增加客观性,从而为读者接受的重要语言手段
许多研究语言中的歧义现象的学者都认为,我们说话和写文章都应力求“准确、简明、生动”,避免歧义。不过歧义也并不只有消极的作用。在我们的日常生活中,歧义同样也产生了积极的作用,如在商业广告、政治宣传中,歧义都达到了很好的幽默诙谐的效果。本文从语法、词汇和语音的角度分析了英语中的歧义类型。当然,有些提法还有待商榷(比如因“完全同形同音异义词”引起的词汇歧义,由“意义不同、但某些语法形式相同的词”引起的语音歧义等,以便进一步探讨。
①写背景,形态。这两部份可依需要而顺序对调.以映衬法写其背景,如写家人,就写家境;如写伟人,就写时代;如写学者,就写当时学术思潮等.以细叙法写其外在相貌。
②写个性,情感,思想等。描写人的情感,可用其语言,更可用其行事。例如朱自清的《背影》,藉其父亲在月台上困难地爬上爬下帮他买橘子,以描写父爱。
③记其特殊事件。如果是写自己的亲人或好朋友等,需记其与众不同之处,或对自己有特殊意义之事。如果是记载伟人,需记载其伟大之事。如果是记载某一平凡人的特殊事件,则应特别重视该特殊事件的描写,甚至可忽略其余与该特殊事件无关的部份。
④记叙多人,宜分主客。多用映衬法,注重修辞手法的运用。
说明文是用说明的表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理、给人以知识的文章。简单地说,说明文就是把你要写的对象介绍给读者,其标准就是介绍的是否清楚、明白、易懂。
在我们的日常生活中,说明与人的关系十分密切,你经常要向人们介绍事物或者某种道理。所以,说明并不是神秘的事情,在日常生活中人人都会。
对于写说明文来说,其题材领域十分宽广,大到宇宙小到一根铅笔都可以说明,都能写成说明文。比如,做饭、做菜、穿衣睡觉、治病防病、吃饭喝水,这些日常行为都可以写成说明文,再比如,春夏秋冬、风雨雷电、水、空气这些自然现象也可以写成说明文,钢笔、课桌、书籍、本子这些学习用品还可写说明文,城市、村庄、学校等等地点场所也可以写成说明文。与此同时,怎样写、怎样听课、怎样考虑这些做事情的道理也可以写成说明文,称为事理说明文。应该说,我正在写的这篇《说明文的特点及写作要求》就是一篇事理说明文。
说明文的特点在于说明、介绍。与记叙文不同,记叙文是记人叙事,所以说明文不以人物活动和故事情节为主,它是对事物的静态介绍。与议论文也不同,议论文是海阔天空地摆事实讲道理,有论点、论据、论证,而说明文中的事理说明文就是就此事的道理做静态介绍。
知识性、通俗性和条理性是说明文的三大特点。
知识性是说明文的本质特征。对一个事物缺乏知识,我们可以写成记叙文,但绝对写不成说明文。说明文正是要介绍该事物的知识,没有知识怎样说明呢。
通俗性也很重要,事物本身的\'结构、形态、历史及其科学知识是很复杂的。我们写说明文的目的就是要把这些复杂变简单,把深奥变通俗,所以写出来的文章,要使有点文化的人都能看懂,不要把明白人给绕糊涂了。
条理性是指说明文的行文结构。既包括整篇文章的结构,也包括一个段落的结构,还包括两句话之间的结构,都要有条理。要按部就班地去说明,有条有理地、清清楚楚地说出来。在结构上,说明文没有记叙文和议论文那么自由。
所以,在说明文的写作中,要普遍注意以下方面:一是要有该事物的知识,二是要抓住事物的特点进行说明,三是要科学地安排说明顺序,四是采用恰当的说明方法。
1、能就适当的话题作即席讲话或有准备的主题演讲,有自己的观点,有一定的说服力。
2、了解论点、论据、论证、议论文的结构等有关议论文的知识。
3、写简单的议论文,努力做到有理有据。
由于说明文往往是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释,而这种客观的介绍与解释一般是不随时间和空间变化而改变的,比如:说明早锻炼的好处,介绍猫的`胡子的功能,解释臭氧层对人类生活的影响等等,是不受时间和空间影响的。因此,尽管有时为了特殊表达的要求,会在个别地方采用其他时态,英语说明文的基本时态还是一般现在时。下面这篇由香港学生写的充分反映了说明文的这一特点。
The Way to Achieve Success
Many successful people say that they owe much of their success to the cultivation (培养) of certain good habits in early life. In forming good habits, I think we should pay attention to four things, that is, honesty, industry (勤勉), enthusiasm (热情), and thrift (节俭)。
“Honesty is the best policy”。 This is a proverb to which we must pay attention. There are so many temptations (诱惑) in society that through a little carelessness we may go astray (走入歧途)。 But when we are honest, people will not be dishonest to us.
Industry gives every man and woman, every boy and girl, proper work to do. To do nothing is to ruin oneself.
Enthusiasm is a great force. One's soul will expand if one devotes (贡献) oneself to a noble cause. The difficulties in our way are tremendous (巨大的), but what can we not accomplish (取得), if with enthusiasm?
There are many proverbs which set forth (陈述) the advantages (好处) of thrift. Since we live in a world where money is a very powerful thing, we should always try to save part of our earnings for future use.
These are the four things to which we must pay attention. It is only in this way that we can achieve success.
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