画龙点睛是指在适当的时候以一二句议论,点明事物、人物、景物的意义之所在,或揭示作品主题,醒人之耳目,给人以启迪。点睛之处可以是在篇中,也可在篇末。
Some fish are forced to leave polluted water and are flying in the sky. But unfortunately, air is also so polluted that they have to wear masks. Each of them is crying, “Where is my home?” What a terrible sight!
Mankind has brought so much pollution. Waste is being poured into rivers and seas. Poisons to kill pests in farming and chemicals go into rivers and seas, too. Poisonous gasses from factories also make the air so dirty. The whole balance of nature is being destroyed as a result of our ignorance of the environmental protection.
Personally, man can not live alone on the earth. Should fish die from serious pollution, so would man! It is high time we did something to prevent such a scene from happening.
铺垫也称铺叙衬垫,它是为了突出主要的人物或事物而铺叙另外的人物或事物以作衬垫。运用铺垫写法是为了蓄积气势,是为了突出文章主旨。陶铸《松树的风格》前几段的大量文字浓墨重彩地描绘松树的形象,赞美它“要求于人的甚少,给予人的甚多”,又用杨柳、桃李同松树作对比,补充说明松树“给人以启发、以深思和勇气”,直到第九段作者才笔锋一转,点明题旨说:“我每次看到松树,想到它那种崇高的风格的时候,就联想到共产主义风格。”原来此篇前面对松树的描绘和赞美是铺垫蓄势,后面对共产主义风格的赞美才是全文的主旨。这篇文章正因为有了前面形象感人的铺垫,后面入题也才显得格外坚实有力。杜牧的《阿房宫赋》第一段极力描绘阿房宫规模的宏伟和建筑的壮丽;第二段极力渲染阿房宫中美女之多和珍宝之富;第三段夹叙夹议,论述秦王朝统治者穷奢极欲,大营宫室,招致国家迅速覆亡、宫室一旦毁灭的必然结果;最后第四段作者以“呜呼”领起,发出深沉的议论慨叹,指出秦统治者要能爱天下之民,国家就不会败亡,表明秦之灭亡乃是一个深刻的教训。这篇赋,前两段的描绘渲染,是为后两段的议论铺垫蓄势,描绘渲染是议论的基础,议论则揭示主题,突出文旨,这正是铺垫蓄势的用意所在。
运用铺垫手法须注意两点:一是要注意写好铺叙的那一部分,只有将这部分写充分了,才能有效地蓄积气势。二是运用铺垫要自然,如果为铺垫而铺垫,过多地堆砌,反会暴露出人为的痕迹,那效果就适得其反了。
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