过分依赖作文选会思路僵化
据记者调查,北京某校初一学生平均每人拥有作文书17本,最多者有50本,最少的有3本。广州的学生又怎样呢?本报记者在广州书店随机询问一些中小学生得知,他们购买过的.作文书也多在5本以上,一位家长甚至给孩子购置的这类书籍已价值千元以上。
作文书这般热销,它到底给孩子们带来什么呢?
儿童文学作家广东教育出版社的编审刘小玲女士,在广州市少年宫担任过四年“作文实验班”老师,她对此深有感触:“每届都有那么几位同学,在我布置了作文题目后不过15分钟,就洋洋洒洒写出几百字,而且结构完整、语句流畅,但开头和结尾永远都是一个模式。在他们的笔下,冬天永远有雪,秋天永远是枫叶红遍,春天永远是冰消雪化;眼睛永远像忽闪的星星,早晨的阳光永远明媚……这是他们生活中的季节吗?是他们亲身经历过的吗?”有一次,她布置了一篇作文,全班40个学生居然有23个的作文开头都是“在一个阳光明媚的早上……”令她哭笑不得!
刘小玲说,她在教学中发现不少学生的阅读范围都只停留在作文选上,以致他们的作文毫无灵气,在僵化的程式束缚下,除了作文选提供的格式,他们没有其他写作思路。
不少教育界人士因此疾呼:过分依赖作文选,不关注现实,不体验生活,不思考人生,不表达真情,功利性作文观会把中学生作文引入死胡同。
When I was a freshman in college I watched the film Gua Sha Treatment for the first time, now I am a junior student and I come back to review the movie from a multicultural aspect, I have many different feelings after watching the film again.
At the beginning of the film, XuDatong is given an award and later he delivers a speech. What makes me impressed most is in his speech he says “one day I will become one of you, a truly successful American, today this award proved that America is a true land of opportunity and I am the living proof of that.” At that moment Xu thinks he has realized his American Dream totally with his lovingly wife and adorable son. However, I think it is ironical that to make a speech like that and I assume it is made on purpose to hind a clue for the story's development. How many non—American people have such a beautiful American dream? One of my classmate studies in American now and before he went aboard he told me his American dream is he can stand at the top of the New York. To be honest, I also dream that one day I can get the Green Card living there happily and successfully maybe working at the Wall Street. When Xu gets the award he thinks he entirely melted in the melting pot neglecting the multicultural obstruct, later the plot goes against the way he thinks. And later Quinlan asked Xu'why you be the scapegoat of your father?' Xu answers 'because he is Chinese.' Then maybe Xu knows that there is always a wide gap between Chinese and American cultures.
The second scene is Xu hit his son Denis because Denis hit the son of xu's boss, at the middle of the film xu tells his boss that he hit his own son is only to show his respect to his boss John Quinlan, that time Quinlan feels puzzled “what a Chinese logic”,yes, American can never understand such a logic full of Chinese characteristic, because they respect everyone including the children, they won't beat a child to please the boss, and there is no such a conception of degree between employee and employer, they feel everyone is equal, which is quite different from china.
Connected to the second scene, the third difference I want to analyze is the care for the children. In America, people pay more attention to the right of children which can be seen from the law—leaving children alone at home is illegal, while in China it is so common that almost everyone may experience such loneliness. And Children Welfare Agency does work in America which shows the importance Americans attach to children's right. What's more, I remember a line 'No one won the case, especially the child.' In my opinion, it also manifests the universal concern from the American public to the children.
The fourth aspect is following the procedure, in the film, more than there times, the people focus on the rule, the law, the procedure. At the Christmas Eve Xu wants to return back to his home pretending as a Santa Claus, what a pity, the security recognizes him and persuades 'you are always a good tenement, never causes troubles for me.' And another scene is at the end of the film , the judge says 'I have to follow the procedure.' However, in China people always have to ask for a favor to do something, and later you have to pay back the favor,for myself, I prefer the American style, strict to the procedure.
The fifth and the last point is the humors, Quinlan says 'you can't fall, your health security is the company paid.' 'Datong, welcome home, maybe next time, you can come from the front door.' 'dady, why you come from the window' ' because we don't have a chimney.' I really adore this distinguished American humor, especially in dangerous situations, which is quite rare in China.
That's my whole reaction to Gua Sha Treatment.
购买“作文选”要提防几个误区
作文书到底有没有用?行内人士对此又怎么看?
广州市少年宫文学培训中心主任杨楠老师认为,如果学生功课繁多,没有充裕的时间阅读长篇名著,短小精悍、内容丰富的“作文选”不失为好办法。在当今这个“读图时代”,从阅读“作文选”开始,教会孩子阅读的方法、培养他们阅读的习惯也是可行的,好的“作文选”可以发挥指导作用。但“师傅领进门,修行在个人”,千万不要将作文选当“佛脚”抱,不要让作文选限制自己的思路。
沙面小学校长张凤娟老师说,小学生最重要的是培养阅读的兴趣。家长不应该盲目地给读小学的孩子买作文书,写作水平的提高不是立竿见影的,需要长期积累,家长在无意识下将急功近利的思想灌输给了孩子,反而会让孩子产生逆反心理,害怕看书,怕写作文。
刘小玲提醒家长,给孩子买“作文选”要防止几个误区:一忌以作文选作为孩子全部课外阅读内容。学语文是一个多方积累的过程,多让孩子看一些儿童文学作家写的书,启发孩子扩大认识面,培养对写作的兴趣。二忌要“名师”不要“快乐”。不要迷信完全用大人视角去点评的所谓“名师推荐”。三忌“应试大过天”。应把重点放在全面提高孩子们的语文素养上来。
有学生说,哪本能应付作业就买哪本
以广州购书中心为例,在小学阶段读物专区,全部中国儿童文学图书的书架数只有23个,而作文类图书就有13个书架,与全部外国儿童文学数量基本持平。记者在书店停留了1小时,发现中国儿童文学区域顾客却是最少,绝大部分家长带着孩子都直奔作文类书架,只有自己来的孩子停留在外国文学区的比较多。在排队交款的顾客中,几乎都有作文书,有的更是一买一套好几本!收银台工作人员说,作文辅导书类占了少儿教辅图书的近1/3,暑假期间销路最好。
作文教辅书为什么暑期走俏?记者发现,热卖的其实是“速食快餐式”的作文书―――书中目录就像快餐店的“菜单”,组合方便、简单明了。以一本(新课标时代小学作文词典为例,其中一个部分是“作文超市”,子目录中写人物的列有“梦想”、“兴奋”、“惊恐”、“愧疚”、“愤怒”等六种描写心理的好词、好句、好片断。不少孩子都说这样很方便,不会写就去查作文词典,拿来就能用上。在购书中心的作文书架上,这类好词、好句、好段、速查通等“速食”作文书不下十种。
面对如此纷繁芜杂、数量浩大的作文书,家长和学生真不知如何选择。记者在书店里不止一次地听到家长询问工作人员:“哪一本卖得最好啊?”家长们说,看上去每本书都有用,范文也都似曾相识,干脆“随大流”了;孩子们说,哪本比较适合应付老师布置的作文练习,或者在考试中有类似题目的就买哪本!
Dear Daddy,
亲爱的爸爸,
Thank you very much for your letter written to me. In your letter , you not only expressed your expectation to me , but also showed all your love to me . I was deeply moved . Thanks again ,Daddy .You said ," I hope you get bravery and perseverance, and can quickly grasp living skills like a lion ". Now I want to tell you that I will try my best to do everything well and live up to your expectations . Dear father , you are a great lion in my mind .
谢谢你给我写信。在信中,你不仅仅表达了你对我的期望,还展示了你对我所有的爱。我深深感动了。再次谢谢你,爸爸。你说,“我希望你能够变得勇敢和有耐心,并且能像狮子般快速的掌握生活技能。”现在我想说我会尽我最大的.努力把所有事情都做好来达到你的期望。亲爱的爸爸,你是我心中的狮子。
When I am absent mind , when I am depressed, you , my dear father is always there . Your advice and encouragement guide me through many difficulties . Thank you , Dad, for your help and understanding. I love you , Dad ,forever!
当我茫然、绝望时,是你,我亲爱的爸爸永远都在我身边。你的建议和勇气引导我克服许多的困难。谢谢你,爸爸,谢谢你的帮助和理解。我永远爱你,爸爸。
偶尔,我快速地调动着电视频道,忽然发觉文化类的节目像雨后春笋般一股脑的都钻了出来,像《百家讲坛》、《世纪大讲堂》、《新杏坛》等等,琳琅满目,举不胜举。
现代人似乎对这类节目情有独钟,以至于刮起了一阵“学术作秀”风,人们总是有理由说自己太忙,抽不出时间读书,多亏大众媒体的帮忙,才能使自己继续学习。忙?确实忙。学生们忙试卷,上班族忙工作,啃老族忙游戏,别说读书看报,就连吃饭喝水也被抱怨成浪费青春。于是,某聪明人发明了“快餐”。这种既省时又省钱的餐饮方式,随即在众多发展中国家肆意泛滥开来。当城市化正垮大步前进时,越来越多的人习惯了简单的快餐,却模糊了家的味道。
看到快餐的飞速蹿红,另一拨主打文化的书商也按捺不住,他们依葫芦画瓢似的隆重推出一系列的“文化快餐”,看似解决了人们的精神饮食问题,却暗藏着营养不良的危机。
放眼望去,书架上陈列着一本本精美的《史记》译本,还有诸多的名著缩略本,甚至还有一批号称“三百页还你三百年”的名著导读。那些聪明人不断地鼓动说:“直接把古文译成现代汉语,不更简单了吗?把长篇小说改为缩略版本,不是更为浓缩的精华了吗?把历史沉淀下来的传统文化改造成打趣儿的娱乐故事,不是更加符合现代人的口味了吗?喔,这简直是一项文化创举,文化壮举!”新编的名著霸占了十余个书架,它们慵懒的躺在那里,仅用金色的琉璃装潢,绚丽的色彩打底,就引得人头攒动,男女老少络绎不绝。而此时,真正的文化圣地——中外名著区,却像久旱的稻田中零星散落的几点无精打采的麦穗,又像肃***的深秋氤氲着的一片清冷寒气。你该如愿了吧,发明“文化快餐”的聪明人!
我穿过拥挤的人群,去沐浴那边的阳光。指尖滑过几本书,最后停留在那本素面朝天的《围城》上,我轻轻的捧来翻看。那些自以为通过捷径走向文化之城的人们,得意洋洋的指点古今中外,却迷失了自己的方向,其实他们还在城外徘徊。那条捷径仅能把人带到城墙上,却无法开启文化的城门,于是人们只能鸟瞰城里的湖光山色,听导游手舞足蹈地解说,自己却不见鱼游,不闻蝉鸣,不能真正握住作者的`手。那份强加给你的理解,或许不能与你产生共鸣,甚或有对作者的误解。所以观景需要身临其境。文化不是星光璀璨的霓虹灯,不是喧闹都市的陪衬,而是黑暗小巷里的一盏路灯,伴你摸索前行;文化不是精雕细琢的包装盒,不用浮华来修饰,它是透明简易的保鲜膜,从不为虚荣和惰性服务;文化更不是池中的浅水,让饥渴的眼一望到底,而是博大精深的海洋,营养丰富。
倘若没有庄子驰骋万里的想象,人生就多了一份平庸;倘若没有孔子意味深长的劝告,人生就少了一份深邃;倘若没有雨果呕心沥血而作的悲惨世界,人生就多了一份空虚前的极乐;倘若没有泰戈尔娓娓道来的温情,人生就少了一份美丽……而文化快餐,居然将饕饕盛宴置于一米方桌之上,其数量与质量可想而知。
又一次,妹妹拿着书问我:“傩送到底喜不喜欢翠翠啊?”我说:“他不是给翠翠唱了一夜的歌嘛,那就是暗示。”“歌,哪有?”我敲了一下她的脑袋说:“孩子,看书要仔细啊。”接过书来,我到处翻找,竟然删节了!再翻开扉页,上面赫然写着几个大字——青少年快速读本,又是缩写的功劳!如此重要的情节都毫不提及,正像快餐少了一份蔬菜一样,毫无营养可言。这所谓的适合青少年的读本,却忽略了动人的细节,遮盖了深刻的思想,打碎了精巧的文字,而食用者正是茁壮成长的少年。
近年来,出书热如核武器的研制般持续升温,盈利性的“文化快餐”造就了新一批的二流作家。对于出书人的写作水平暂且不说,单说标题就令人匪夷所思。曾经叱咤风云的不羁青年韩寒,出过一本名叫《像少年啦飞驰》的书,其中的“啦”字就有故意搞陌生、凑字赚稿费之嫌。而且有相当一部分书翻到最后一页仍不知所云,可买书的人却不少。他们引吭高歌“创建节约型社会”,却引领着“文化缩水”之风,振振有词地赶着人们向前走。而正当人们兴冲冲地赶潮流时,正当人们争先恐后地打前锋时,不觉间,自家门前早已形成一片真空,依旧坚守岗位的守门员也只能望球兴叹。
当这样的“文化快餐”来临的时候,我们真的就束手无策了吗?当然不。只要回归原著,只要提高眼力,一切便迎刃而解。要知道,一朵云永远没有天空广阔,一滴水永远不及大海深邃。真正的文化绝不是快餐车上明摆着的食谱,而是需要你不懈的搜索追寻。走进真实的作者,走进未曾雕琢的文字,用心去聆听,或许呷一口香茗先是一阵苦涩,但随之而来的沁人心脾的清香,从发根到脚趾,正在慢慢滋生……
“文化快餐”是建筑群中的一栋危楼,切勿在它坍塌后,才懊悔不曾关注房屋质量。“文化快餐”是青年体内的一个癌变细胞,切勿在病入膏肓之际,才想到如何治愈。
为了使学生了解中华民族传统节日,传承历史悠久的习俗和诗词文化。在中秋佳节到来之际,我校积极开展“月满中秋情满校园”中秋节主题教育活动。
活动中,学校利用升旗仪式向全校师生介绍有关中秋佳节的起源、习俗等相关知识;利用语文课“每日一诵”的时间,举行“中秋佳节诵诗会”,学生声情并茂地吟诵了中秋诗词,使学生感受到了中华诗词文化的无限魅力。
学校还开展“中秋节”主题班队会活动,要求各中队开展丰富多彩的活动,营造浓厚的节日氛围,使学生在活动中增进对传统节日的了解。
通过系列活动,丰富了学生的精神文化生活,激发了学生热爱生活、传承中华传统文化的情感。
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