Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere in big cities. They shout at us from the television screen and radio loudspeakers, wave to us from every page of the newspaper, signal to us from the roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us in colored lights all night.
Faced with a flood of advertisement, some people wonder whether it is necessary to have such huge sums spent on advertising. They often cite in illustration of it the attractive, but false and deceptive advertisements to which many consumers fall victim. Why don't we stop advertising and use the money to reduce the price of goods? It sounds like a good idea, but they fail to notice the contribution advertising makes to our society. Because the production of a better product to compete for customers' money is the goal of advertisers, customers are thus given a chance to compare their products and get the best and cheapest one. Besides, as the advertisement can provide people with a lot of immediate and detailed information as to the availability of a certain product, or a service or a job, it makes life much more convenient. And another thing we mustn't forget: the fact that we pay so little for our daily newspapers and TV programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers.
Advertising performs such a useful service to our society that we can't imagine what would happen if there were no advertisements. (198 words
文章各层次之间是层层深入、步步推进的.关系,各层的前后顺序有严格要求,不能随意改动,这就是层进式的结构。“提出一个什么问题,接着加以分析,然后综合起来,指明问题的性质,给以解决的办法。”这样的顺序,大致体现了层进式结构的一般思路。
为了使文章富于说服力,又容易被人接受,我们写议论文时常常按照由浅入深、由简单到复杂、由具体到抽象或由抽象到具体,由读者熟悉的到读者不熟悉的顺序展开论述。
论证的层次之间,是总说和分说的关系,就是总分式的论证结构。有时是先总说后分说,有时是先分说后总说,也有时是先总说,后分说,最后再总说。
写议论文时,往往并不是单纯采取单一的论证结构方式,而是几种方式的综合运用。
当然,写议论文也并不是只有以上这几种论证结构,而且我们写文章时也不可能用这四种形式去硬套,内容决定形式,采用哪一种结构方式,首先取决于内容的需要。
阅读事物说明文,不管是整篇还是整段,都要首先从整体人手,把握文章说明的是什么事物,即说明的对象是什么;阅读事理说明文,耍弄清文章说明了什么事理。如何找准说明对象呢?
1.看题目,不少题目都表示说明的对象。如(中国石拱桥)。
2.抓首括句和中心句。好的说明文往往运用这种句子来突出所要说明的事物和特征。
阅读说明文时,边读边标出文章所使用的说明方法,然后总结主要使用了哪些方法,并进而分析这些说明方法对准确说明事物特征所起的作用。
概括要点时,要重视首括句、尾结句或提问式语句的作用,重视给概念下定义或解说的语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。概括要点时最好用完整的句子,意思要简明扼要。在逐段概括要点的基础上,用同类合并的方法,把全文划分为相对独立的几部分,概括出每部分的大意,把每部分的大意依次连缀起来,就能比较清楚地显示出全文的说明顺序了。使用什么说明顺序,还要看说明的对象。一般来说,说明事物的演变发展的,用时间顺序;说明建筑物的,用空间顺序;介绍高科技产品或说明事物间的`联系的。用逻辑顺序。
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