1. Nancy is too young to dress herself.
Nancy is not _____ _____ to dress herself.
2. My watch doesn't work well.
There is ____ _____ _______ my watch.
3. Jane doesn't go to work by bus any longer.
Jane ____ _____ _____ to work by bus.
4. It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary _____two weeks____ ______ for the exam.
5. It seems that they have known each other.
They seem to _____ _____ each other.
6. "My grandpa doesn't like coffee or coke" said Bob
Bob said that _____grandpa liked _____coffee _____coke.
7. Cao Fei joined the League three years ago.
Cao Fei _____ ____ _____ the League for three years.
8. I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ____ _____ going by bus.
9. -Thank you very much. -You're welcome.
- ____ a lot. -Not at____ .
10. Kitty does well in English.
Kitty ____ ____ ____ English.
11. They realized Hainan was a beautiful place after they reached there.
They____ realize Hainan was a beautiful place_____ they reached there.
12. We will have to finish the work hardly if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ ______
13. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.
My dictionary is _____ than yours.
14. Could you tell me where the East Street Hospital is? Excuse me, ____ is the _____ to the East Street Hospital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heavy traffic _____ them from _____ the train.
20. My brother has been away from home for two days.
My brother _____ home two days _____ .
21. Li Lei decided to move to Canada when he was thirty.
Li Lei made a _____ to move to Canada at the _____ of thirty.
22. Jim was too careless to pass the exam last term.
Jim was not_____ _____ to pass the exam last term.
23. If you don't hurry up, you can't catch the train.
Hurry up, _____ you may _____ the train.
24. Yang Li wei said to us, "I'm going to visit your school tomorrow. " We were all pleased.
We were all pleased when we heard Yang Li wei_____ visit_____ school the next day.
25. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. I have ____seen _____ an interesting film before.
26. I was late for school because of the traffic accident. The traffic accident _____ me _____ getting to school on time.
01、信念是巍巍大厦的栋梁,没有它,就只是一堆散乱的砖瓦;信念是滔滔大江的河床,没有它,就只有一片泛滥的波浪;信念是熊熊烈火的引星,没有它,就只有一把冰冷的柴把;信念是远洋巨轮的主机,没有它,就只剩下瘫痪的巨架。
●02、站在历史的海岸漫溯那一道道历史沟渠:楚大夫沉吟泽畔,九死不悔;魏武帝扬鞭东指,壮心不已;陶渊明悠然南山,饮酒采菊……他们选择了永恒,纵然谄媚诬蔑视听,也不随其流扬其波,这是执著的选择;纵然马革裹尸,魂归狼烟,只是豪壮的选择;纵然一身清苦,终日难饱,也愿怡然自乐,躬耕陇亩,这是高雅的选择。在一番选择中,帝王将相成其盖世伟业,贤士迁客成其千古文章。
●03、只有启程,才会到达理想和目的地,只有拼搏,才会获得辉煌的成功,只有播种,才会有收获。只有追求,才会品味堂堂正正的人。
●04、虽然你现在还只是一株稚嫩的幼苗。然而只要坚韧不拔,终会成为参天大树;虽然你现在只是涓涓细流,然而只要锲而不舍,终会拥抱大海;虽然你现在只是一只雏鹰,然而只要心存高远,跌几个跟头之后,终会占有蓝天。
●05、冰心说道:“爱在左,同情在右,走在生命的两旁,随时撒种,随时开花,将这一径长途,点缀得香花弥漫,使穿枝拂叶的行人,踏着荆棘,不觉得痛苦,有泪可落,却不是悲凉。”
06,悲观的人,先被自己打败,然后才被生活打败;乐观的人,先战胜自己,然后才战胜生活。悲观的人,所受的痛苦有限,前途也有限;乐观的人,所受的磨难无量,前途也无量。在悲观的人眼里,原来可能的事也能变成不可能;在乐观的人眼里,原来不可能的事也能变成可能。悲观只能产生平庸,乐观才能造就卓绝。从卓绝的人那里,我们不难发现乐观的'精神;从平庸的人那里,我们很容易找到阴郁的影子。
●07、坚持的昨天叫立足,坚持的今天叫进取,坚持的明天叫成功。
●08、如果只看到太阳的黑点,那你的生活将缺少温暖;如果你只看到月亮的阴影,那么你的生命历程将难以找到光明;如果你总是发现朋友的缺点,你么你的人生旅程将难以找到知音;同样,如果你总希望自己完美无缺,假设你的这一愿望真的能如愿以偿,那么你最大的缺点就是没有缺点。
●09、喜马拉雅直冲霄汉,可上面有攀爬者的旗臶;撒哈拉沙漠一望无垠,可里面有跋涉者的脚印;阿尔卑斯山壁立千仞,可其中有探险者的身影;雅鲁藏布江湍急浩荡,可其中有勇敢者的故事。
●10、流逝的日子像一片片凋零的枯叶与花瓣,渐去渐远的是青春的纯情与浪漫。不记得曾有多少雨飘在胸前风响在耳畔,只知道沧桑早已漫进了我的心爬上了我的脸。当一个人与追求同行,便坎坷是伴,磨难也是伴。
●11、月有阴晴圆缺,人有悲欢离合,命有否泰变化,年有四季更替,熬过长夜,你便能见到黎明,饱受痛苦,你便能拥有快乐,耐过寒冬,你便无须蛰伏,落尽寒梅,你便能企盼新春。
●12、没有蓝天的深邃,可以有白云的飘逸;没有大海的壮阔,可以有小溪的优雅;没有原野的芬芳,可以有小草的翠绿。生活中没有旁观者的席位,我们总可以找到自己的位臵,自己的光源,自己的声音。
●13、或许是命运的不幸注定要将自己缤纷多彩的梦撞碎;或许是天地的无情终归要将自己继日的辛勤当做泡影放飞,或许是许许多多的难以理解却又实实在在的障碍与挫折早已将意气丰发的拼搏与百折不挠的进击化为道道忧愁阵阵孤寂,那么就请在凄惨中反省我们自己吧!
●14、“成功的花,人们只惊羡它现时的明艳;而当初的芽,却浸透了奋斗的泪泉,洒满了牺牲的血雨。”(冰心语)我们每个人都渴望成功,那么我们就应该在刚刚起步的时候,用我们无悔的付出,去浇灌隔那刚刚萌芽的种子。
●15、每一滴水都折射出一个多彩的世界,每一双眼睛都嵌进一个多彩的世界,每一条泛着清丽的旋律的小溪都闪烁着美的光辉。不要空叹人世的无奈,且用美丽的心情来看待人世的繁华多彩,细细品味那无处不在的美吧!
●16、也许你只是一株稚嫩的幼苗,然而只要坚忍不拔。终会成为参天大树;也许你只是一条涓涓小溪,然而只要锲而不舍,。终会拥抱大海;也许你只是一只雏鹰,然而只要心存高远,跌几个跟头,终会翱翔蓝天。
●17、当雏鹰尚嗷嗷待哺于巢穴之中,观望蓝天白云之时,它已有了梦想,那就是振翅九霄,与蓝天搏击,与白云共舞;当骏马休憩于栅栏之中,昂首长嘶之时,它也已有了梦想,那就是奋蹄原野,驰骋天下。
●18、冰雪覆盖的时候,我们需要一团火来取暖;暗夜无边的时候,我们需要点点星光来取暖;前途茫茫时,我们需要一盏航灯来取暖……四季轮回,心里滤不去的是烦恼和忧愁,脚下略不去的是艰辛和伤痛。寒天冷日,让我们用什么来温暖迎风而立的自己?留些真诚给自己取暖吧!
●19、大海如果失去巨浪的翻滚,也就失去了雄浑;沙漠如果失去了飞沙的狂舞,也就失去了壮美;人生如果失去了真实的历程,也就失去了意义。
●20、一条幽径,曲折迂回中总会激起心旷神怡的向往;一波巨澜,潮起潮落时更能叠出惊心动魄的鸣响;一个故事,遗憾悲婉里才有肝肠寸段的凄凉;一种人生,跌宕困顿中方显惊世骇俗的豪壮。
●21、青春是用意志的血滴和拼搏的汗水酿成的琼浆——历久弥香;青春是用不凋的希望和不灭的向往编织的彩虹——绚丽辉煌;青春是用永恒的执著和顽强的韧劲筑起的一道铜墙铁壁——固若金汤。
一. .................................................................................................................................................. 1
二. .................................................................................................................................................. 1
三. .................................................................................................................................................. 2
四. .................................................................................................................................................. 3
五. .................................................................................................................................................. 8
一简述
1. 当过去分词在句末时,不管有无逗号,都是就近修饰名词;
2.现在分词在句末时,无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语;
3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的'主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词. 所以OG127说C选项:"the phrasehaving been assigned...is uncertain in reference,making the sentence unclear."-->就是说这个现在分词本来是应该修饰前面的employee的,却变成了修饰主语governments了. (另外在GMAT里,having been done的用法错误,应直接用done
避免上述错误的方法:所修饰的名词在句尾用定语从句修饰--OG127正确选项B (而不用加逗号的现在分词修饰.其实分词是定语从句的省略形式,在句中无逗号分词(注意是无逗号的,有逗号的在句中有歧义就比定语从句简洁还有 OG120也是同样道理:修饰句尾名词,正确选项A用定语从句.E选项的句尾现在分词错误.
4.当现在/过去分词在句中且前没有逗号,修饰前面紧邻名词;
5.当现在/过去分词在句中且前后都有逗号,有歧义:1修饰前面紧邻的名词,2向后修饰后面句子的主语.
这种结构在GMAT肯定错,如果修饰某句主语,则避免将该分词置于以名词结尾的句后.避免方式:1用定语从句/介词短语明确修饰对象.2可将分词提到句首,所修饰主语及所在句子紧跟其后-->形成句首分词修饰句子主语.见OG179
6.在前面有多个名词如名词1+介词+名词2结构,而要用分词修饰名词1时,为避免歧义要重复名词1即用同位语结构:名词1+介词+名词2,名词1+分词.见OG208
二.
1、doing/done,SVO 注意分词的逻辑主语与S一致
2、介词/连词+doing/done,SVO 也要注意分词逻辑主语与S一致
3、S,doing/done,V 分词作定语修饰主语(前后一对逗号隔开,相当于定语从句)
注意:如果出现: “名词,doing,名词”,则会有分词前后的修饰歧义,如179DE,245E
4、SVO doing 分词作定语修饰主语,如 96AC,121C,146E,222A,234B,237E
5、SVO,doing
A、分词优先作状语
1)修饰主语(与分词在句首一样,注意逻辑主语),如 33B,39C,44B,120E,163D,256B
2)修饰主句动作,如 78BD,119B,154A,259A
B、其次作定语,但没有定语从句清晰,会有修饰歧义,如 253DE,(“,including”除外 249)
6、SVO done 分词作定语修饰O(同4)
7、SVO,done
A、分词作状语修饰S,如 大全558
B、分词作定语修饰O,如 127A(分词相当于形容词 253A)
some people base on sth是绝对错误的。但是有sb. base sth. on sth.的用法. 三.
1.SVO+doing,无逗号的情况下doing是针对宾语的动作,96AC(OG says : assuring针对主语有问题,121C,146E,222A(OG says: enabling很好的修饰了宾语,234B,237E -------以上证明了ets的偏好,svo+doing修饰主语是模糊的,修饰宾语是清晰的
2.SVO, doing有逗号,33B,39C(Og says:protecting很好的
解释了主语的行为,44B,120E(Og says:错误选项有可能混淆的指代主语而不是逻辑上正确的宾语,163D(Og says:sleeping正确的修饰了主语,256B --------以上证明了在Og中svo,doing的doing多指代主语
3.svo,doing有逗号,78BD(doing指代了前面整个句子的行为,119B(同前,154A(*,259A(同前------------以上证明了Og中svo,doing的doing多指代前面的整个句子
四.例子
产生participle phrases原点是为了to reduce wordiness by replacing longer adverbial or relative clauses,另外要强调的重要讯息不会写成participle phrases,因为分词修饰语属于次等地位(The
modifier is subordinate to the main clause。也就是说A….and B…(A与B一样重要,如果A…V..,B...Ving (就重要性而言A>B
简单一句:分词构句是主要句子的意义延伸。
目前我看到有几种句意:
1. 因果(★★★★★
2. 补述:解释某事(★★★、描述状态并列或伴随(★★、纯举例
participle
phrases如此具困扰性是因为可以改写的来源多
1.由adj. clauses (如who, which开头可改写成分词词组。考题中可分形容词子句限制性、非限制性改分词的考法。
2. 副词子句(有连接词开头的也可改分词词组,所以有因果关系或时间关系,单纯就时间关系看,可以有先后或同时,会有动作是伴随或是并列关系。
3.当三个以上的动词用and相连时,后面的部分也改写成分词(V, Ving... and Ving...。
我看过的说法中,觉得Manhatan GMAT备考网站,里面指导员所讲的分词概念不错,但是他的目的在卖书,所以讲的真的不多。
1.当分词构句放句首,修饰后面句子的主词。前几天看到有人发帖的整理,讲到分词在句首,表示此动作先于主要句子的动作,讲的真好。
2.当分词构句不放在句首时:
if
there's NO COMMA before a participle, then the participle creates an adjective phrase that modifies the noun immediately
preceding.
if
there's a COMMA before a participle, then the participle creates an adverb phrase that modifies the action of the preceding
clause.
PS:逗号的产生可能是插入语,遇到插入语可以跳过不看,不代表分词修饰这个插入语。
判断上抓前句的动词与主词,如果用中文想就是「此主体这个动作的行为导致或表示.....」(to modify the action of。而且不可以只有思考主词或动词。 如果遇到前句有数个动词,以找最近的动词为主,譬如V1 to V2,分词构句修饰V2
3.
participle (V-ing after the comma can not modify the subject of the preceding clause's
noun.
這個考「什么情况下不可以改成分词构句?」除了需要有对等连接词的句子,不可改分词构句,因为句意重要性会被改变外,
打逗号的Ving分词,无法修饰逗号之前的名词,所以非限制的形容词子句最好不要改分词Ving构句(有7個考題,但是Ved分词例外(有两个考题。
1 A good case in point is ...
2 As an illustration, we may take ...
3 Such examples might be given easily.
4 ...is often cited as an example.
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