四级作文如何提高写作能力【一】
四级作文如何提高写作能力【二】
1、小组学习法。两人以上一起读书，效果比一个人要好。一是可以互相讨论，而讨论正式让知识到达额叶最好的办法。二是可以互相监督。别人看了一半，你还在第一章，那就显得你落后了。
2、记忆和转移。
记忆分为
a获得性记忆。如药物成瘾。
b反射性记忆。如肚子饿了要吃饭，长期健身的人不运动会不舒服。
c再现性记忆。如再现物体、人物、事件。
读书习惯的培养最好变成获得性记忆和反射性记忆。
而知识的学习主要是再现性记忆。它又分为短时记忆、长期记忆，以及迁移。
学习的过程正是从短时记忆到长期记忆再到迁移的过程。
所以学习其实也简单，就是三段论。背诵-理解-背诵掌握-运用。具体来说，就是早上先强背一遍，中午在理解梳理一遍；晚上再强化背诵一遍，这样就变成长期记忆了。
四级作文如何提高写作能力【三】
分析说理能力的不足，在议论文写作中常常表现为以下三点：
1．单向思维。就是在论证时不考虑反面意见，片面选取对自己的立论有利的证据，却屏蔽那些对立论构成威胁的不利证据。比如，学生想证明“勤奋出人才”，会列举古今中外一大堆以勤奋著称的名人，证明这些人的成功离不开勤奋，这就是典型的单向思维。读者只需举出一个勤奋却没有成功的`反例，便可以轻而易举反驳论点。这种不考虑反面意见，立论与论证考虑不周、对论题认识褊狭与肤浅的现象，都会极大地削弱文章的说服力。
2．单层论证。即在同一个层面上，通过堆砌相同或相似的例子，对论点进行论证，而不是多角度多层次渐次展开论证，文章往往缺乏纵深感。比如，论证“社会需要诚信”，罗列各种负面新闻说明我们正面临诚信危机，整个行文的逻辑就是一个简单的因果分析，即，因为A、B、C、D……都缺乏诚信，所以呼唤诚信。这样的因果分析，显然过于简单化。
3．感情用事。指学生在议论文写作中出现倾向性、绝对化、煽情等理性不足的问题。比如以下这段文字：“大家熟知的居里夫人，曾两次获得诺贝尔奖，得过16枚奖章，得到各种头衔107个。是什么使她得到这么多令人羡慕的荣誉？是持久的决心！是什么使她得到这么多耀眼的桂冠？是持久的意志！”这里作者用斩钉截铁的语气，把居里夫人的成就归因于持久的决心和意志，显然犯了绝对化的错误，而连续两个设问，两个感叹号，有点煽情。在例证环节，学生最喜欢使用排比、对比、比喻等修辞手法，以增强说理的效果。直奔结论，却没有提供证据：堆砌材料，却不会展开分析。
分析说理能力不足，之所以会成为议论文写作的一个通病，跟写作教学缺乏这方面的方法论有关。有关议论文写作的指导，大多都围绕例证法开发相应的策略，如正反对比论证、归纳升华法等。对于议论文写作中分析什么、如何分析，缺乏整体性的思考。
下面这则教学案例，谈的是如何通过概念的辨析，来拓展学生思维的深广度。而概念辨析，是议论文分析很重要的一个部分。该案例给我们提供了很多有益的思考。
四级作文如何提高写作能力【四】
根据麦克林的研究，脑结构分为1.基本脑，2.中脑，3.丘脑，4.皮层，5.额叶。信息就是经过这5个环节，最后由额叶转化为自己的储备和应用。生物学的东西我理解起来比较费力。
我理解：用网购的过程来解释大脑的运行机制。
1.基本脑是相当于信息源，就是在网上浏览商品信息；
2.中脑就是下单，梳理了那么多信息之后，选了一件商品；
3.丘脑就是到了菜鸟驿站，货到了，但还没到你手里；
4皮层就是收到了，这个东西到你家了，但你没打开，没用，只是有那么一个东西的存在，像有的网购比较多的，就会出现买了东西丢在家里的角落里吃灰尘的，就属于无效信息。
比如，你和别人聊起你也买过一个扫地机器人，但长啥样，怎么用，效果好不好，你都不知道，因为你没有打开。
5.额叶，就是你打开了包装，查看了说明，并将它吃掉或者用掉，这才是变成了真正的有价值的知识。所以到额叶这个环节才是最重要的。
文中提到一个好消息：大脑的学习机制一生都可以保持充满活力的状态。不会因为年龄而衰退。
四级作文如何提高写作能力【五】
只有意识到自己的无知，我们才能更聪明
有两个误区：
1、知识的错觉：你以为你知道。
什么意思呢？举个例子，看到知乎上的一些提问，你觉得看起来简单，觉得无非就是怎样怎样，但是真正你去写回答的时候，却发现自己并没有那么清楚。
2、知识的诅咒：你以为别人知道。
比如，学医学的，他平时交往的同事大家一点就明白的事情，但要他说给一个完全没学过医的人去听，他就说不清楚，然后他还觉得不可思议。这个在大人和小孩的沟通中也非常明显。要改变的不是别人，而是那个“你”，怎么样把专业的知识，把别人不知道的知识转换成大家听得懂的语言。做到了才叫学会了。
如团队管理，就需要领导帮助团队成员意识到自己的无知，又不会觉得自己特别愚蠢。
四级作文如何提高写作能力【六】
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先，提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段：提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段：正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段：摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次，提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性，连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity：段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛，也不可太具体，做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明，另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence：关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰，层层展开。
完整性(completeness：以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头，这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次，提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型：It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单，注意练习并接句的使用，会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as，如：
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头，句式简单，我们可以通过把since提前改变句式，如：
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后，提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法：millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论，辩论”的意思，而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.，相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略：使用最近所学的单词，如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后，我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文，以供参考：
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
