I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
This is my first week in ** Senior Middle School.Everything here is new for me.Our school is an old school but it`s very beautiful.I have 50 new classmates in my class.They`re all very excellent, I think, and I felt a little sad.Because I`m too common.But come to think of it,it`s a very good thing.I believe I can also be very excellent if I study with such excellent classmates.I didn`t know why Ms *** chose me to be the committee of study.But I know it`s a good chance for me to raise my ability.All I can do is do my best in the future.I am sure that Ms *** and my classmates can help me when I do something wrong. Because they`re all very kind.It`s a pleasure to work and study with them.I`m really very happy.I`m not an outstanding student in this class,but I can do the same thing like others.I believe I won`t make anyone disappointed.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
1分析论证方法的作用
句式:使用××论证的方法+论证了××观点+效果
具体如下:
(1)举例论证:通过举具体的事例加以论证,从而使论证更具体、更有说服力。
格式:使用了举例论证的论证方法,举……(概括事例)证明了……(如果有分论点,则写出它证明的分论点,否则写中心论点),从而使论证更具体更有说服力。
(2)道理论证:通过讲道理的方式证明论点,使论证更概括更深入。
格式:使用了道理论证的论证方法,论证了……了观点,揭示了事情的本来面目,从而使论证更概括更深入,令人信服。
(3)比喻论证:通过比喻进行证明,使论证生动形象、浅显易懂。
格式:使用了比喻论证的论证方法,将……比作……,证明了……的观点,从而把抽象深奥的道理阐述得生动形象、浅显易懂。
(4)对比论证:对比论证的作用就是突出强调。
格式:使用了对比论证的论证方法,将……和……加以比较,突出强调了……的观点。
(5)引用论证:引用论证比较复杂,这与具体的引用材料有关,有引用名人、格言警句、权威数据、名人佚事、笑话趣闻等各种情况,其作用要具体分析。如引用、格言警句、权威数据,可以增强论证的说服力和权威性;引用名人佚事、奇闻趣事,可以增强论证的趣味性,吸引读者往下读。
格式:使用了引用论证的论证方法,通过引用……证明……的观点,使论证更有说服力。(或更有趣味性,吸引读者往下读)
2分析论据的类型和作用
1、论据可分为道理论据和事实论据二种类型。答题要点二个方面:明确论据类型;具体分析作用。这类题目就其实质是考查论据与论点的关系,无论是与中心论点与分论点的关系,都是证明与被证明的关系,所以,规范性答题格式如下:这是……论据,在文中起着证明……(论点,如果有分论点,则写出它证明的分论点,否则写中心论点。)
2、补充论据作为一种新题型正在流行,做这种题目,注意以下二个方面:(1)看清楚要求补充的论据类型,即看清楚要求的是名言还是事例;
(2)补充名人事例要注意字数限制。当然,作为应考,可以准备“勤奋”、“处世”等常见主题的名人事例和名言。名言字数要少,事情要熟悉,不要为求新而准备那些较长名言或不熟悉的名人事例。
3文章提出中心论点的方式
(1)文章标题点明中心论点;
(2)文章开头提出中心论点;
(3)文章结尾归纳出中心论点;
(4)文章中间用某个承上启下的句子提出中心论点。
(5)文章没有直接提出中心论点,但始终围绕……展开论述。
4分析文章的论证思路
首先应该了解一般议论文的结构:提出问题(引论)——分析问题(本论)——解决问题(结论)。分析议论文的论证思路,其实,就是在段落层次的`基础上加上一些诸如“首先”、“然后”、“接着”、“最后”一类表承转启合关系的词语。做这个题目,尤其要注意开头结尾的表述。
1、开头的内容有:
(1)提出中心论点;
(2)引出论题;以上二个方面,要具体回答出提出中心论点或引出论题的具体方式,有的是通过名人名言、有的是通过名人佚事、有的是通过趣闻笑话等。
2、结尾的内容:
(1)深化中心论点,提出……的结论;
(2)重复或强化……的中心论点;
(3)发出……的号召或劝勉人们……;
(4)补充论证了……。(有时候会考查这方面作用,其作用是使论证更严密。)
做这类题目,就是把文章的引论、本论、结论具体化地陈述出来。
5议论文开头的作用
(1)开门见山,提出中心论点。
(2)针对现实中某种现象(或事例或观点)进行分析,然后提出论点(或提出论题),具有很强的针对性
(3)引用名言提出论点或论题,同时,名言又是证明论点的论据。
(4)由某个故事或事例引出论点或论题,同时,故事和事例又是证明论点的论据。
(5)摆出错误的论点和论据,为下文的批驳树立靶子。
(6)用生动的比喻或故事(如寓言)引出论点,既能激发读者的阅读兴趣,又能把抽象的道理形象化,便于读者接受。
6议论文结尾的作用
(1)深化中心论点,提出……的结论;
(2)强调……的中心论点;
(3)发出……的号召或希望人们……;
(4)补充论证了……。(其作用是使论证更严密)
(5)总结全文,得出中心论点
(6)提出问题,发人深思,其发人去关注或思考某个问题
7议论文写作特点分析
议论文写作特点分析的角度比较多,如修辞手法、论证方法、写作手法等
(1)修辞:
①比喻:把××比作××,形象生动,把抽象的道理形象化,有力的论述了的××论点,便于读者理解和接受;
②排比,增强了文章论证的气势,增强了文章的说服力和感染力;
③引用,引用古诗文,使文章富有文采,同时有力证明了××论点。
引用名言,有力证明了××论点。
④反问:增强语气,发人深思
⑤设问:启发读者思考,强调某种观点
(2)论证方法:参考论证方法的作用谈。
(3)写作手法比较固定,常见的就是:
①举例论证与道理论证相结合(夹叙夹议);
②以……论证方法为主。
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