For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body。 But our human being\'s transportation is too fast。 The body moves but the soul is left behind。 We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul。 Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline。 But the time saved can\'t be shorten。 Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family。 We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life。 In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness。
Take your time, please。 Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock。 Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness。 Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society。
Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life。
Time flies like an arrow before we realize it .It is known that nothing is more precious than time. The good old proverb "time is money" reminds us that time is valuable. When time goes by, it will never return. However, it is a pity that some people don't make full use of their time .They spend a lot of time in sleeping, chatting playing computer games or other unmeaning matters. . They don't realize that wasting time is actually equal to killing themselves. They always regret not having made great achievements. One of the reasons may be they do not make good use of time. Therefore, in order to be successful, they should first get into the habit of being on time. It’s a sign of cherishing time. Don't put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure. Don't wait, because you don't know how long it will take when you put off your plan.
The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in study or job.
后果不一定是文章的结尾,要像让内容表述更自然,自然引出结尾,设置过渡就变得十分重要。
例如作文点评3班的黄琦茜同学在《夸夸张老师》中有这样的描述:
又有一次,做了一次作业以后,课堂作业本好久不用,张老师规定要空三行再做的作业,周超同学一马虎,只空了两行。这下可糟了,张老师怒气冲冲地把本子扔给他,叫道:“说了多少遍,要空三行!给我重做,下次再忘记要重做两遍!”以后,我们处处按要求写作业,也很少看错题目了。
张老师对待我们犯错误有时也会宽容。记得有一次,张老师让我们不要把补充习题带回家,而我因为身体不舒服,没听见,把小练习册带回了家,更糟的是第二天没有带到学校。上课了,张老师“板”着脸,向我走来,我心想:“张老师一定会让我打电话,叫妈妈送到学校来,那可是丢脸丢到家的事!”但张老师走到我面前,抚摸了一下我的头,温和地说:“把作业做在自备本上,回家以后抄到小练习册上,明天带到学校。要注意身体!”这件事就像一盏明灯,照亮了我前方的道路,我再也没有忘记带作业本。
两个实例的对比中间加入了一句过渡句就显得流畅自然,然后总结上文中得出一个结尾:
今天,我要夸夸张老师严格要求我们,我更要夸夸张老师宽容包容我们。
这个结尾在文采上很普通,但对于整篇文章的结构却起到了完整总结画龙点睛的作用,那我看看结尾该如何做?
其实看着美国各个大城市,包括洛杉矶、纽约、费城等警察局做假证、诬陷黑人;检察官,法官还都一起附和演戏,引发了我深深的思考,为什么在许多人眼里美国的司法体制仍旧是世界上最好的?但是随着阅读的进行,美国司法系统在审判中的表现,又肯定了我的这种想法。至少肖德维茨的书中,向我们展示了被告陪审团的 “公正”。该书中有一个论点我很支持,肖德维茨说,陪审团面对同样的事实做出不一样的判决并不是对于案件当事人的种族等等有着偏见,而是因为其的生长环境,种族背景使其在面对一样的证据时,会有不同的想法,更甚者,黑人比白人陪审员更加的仁慈,更相信被告无罪。这样的解释,相比于种族歧视更容易被社会大众认可,正如法理学老师所说的,一个人的生长环境不同,,就会导致其前见不同,那么看问题得出的结论必然也是不同的。
书中提到了一个英国的律师Henry Brougham在1820年时候曾说:“一个辩护律师,对当事人富有神圣的职责,他在这个世界上只能认得一个人,就是受到官署控告的当事人,别无其他,要用各种必要的手段来救当事人,保护那个当事人免于必须负担任何其他人的风险或损失,也不使任何人侵害他,这是最高且毫无疑问的职责,他必须无视于对任何人可能造成的一切不安、痛苦、折磨和伤害,必须把爱国的职责跟作为一个辩护人的职责区分清楚,并且将前者揉碎,让它随风而逝,如果有必要的话。他必须无视于任何结果地去做,如果他的命运如此不幸让他的国家跟他的当事人陷于利益冲突的话。”
我国《律师法》第23条规定:“律师应当保守在执业活动中知悉的'国家秘密和当事人的商业秘密,不得泄露当事人的隐私。”随后于2004年颁布的《律师执业行为规范(试行》对此进行了细化,其第56条规定:“律师事务所、律师及其辅助人员不得泄露委托人的商业秘密、隐私,以及通过办理委托人的法律事务所了解的委托人的其他信息。但是律师认为保密可能会导致无法及时阻止发生人身伤亡等严重犯罪及可能导致国家利益受到严重损害的除外。”
比较而二者的关系不难发现,我国的法律在保护当事人利益的基础上始终把国家利益置于个人利益至上,这在一定程度上是不尽合理的。当事人基于对于律师辩护人的信赖,将事实告知律师辩护人,无论律师辩护人基于何种理由将其所知的内容泄露,都是对当事人信赖的一种背叛,对于我国的司法进程是极其不利的。
以上的一段话还我联想到了新的刑事诉讼法修正草案中第68条证人拒证特权,证人的拒证特权是一种基于被告与证人特殊的身份关系而享有的拒绝作证的权利,与这里辩护律师的权利有异曲同工之妙。辩护律师作为被告的辩护人,基于其特殊的身份,其对于案件的真实性有着更深的了解,这是基于被告对辩护律师特殊的信赖而产生的。因此,辩护律师当然有权拒绝作证以保护被告的利益。
对于金钱能否买来无罪的观点,我十分同意作者的话,事实上,金钱对于开释辛普森无罪,正如其去医院看病一样,我们可以忍受富人比穷人拥有更好的医疗资源,为什么不能容忍其有更好的辩护资源呢?同理,再多钱也无法挽救一个绝症犯人的病情,再多的钱如果案件的证据简单明了毫无争议,那么辛普森也无法无罪开释。只要辩护团用合法的手段为辛普森打赢了官司,.就不应该被责难。辛普森所花的钱只是请来了最好的鉴定专家,推翻了警方的证据而已。试想如果警方的证据足够的充分和真实,辩方又怎么会给这个机会呢?但是读到这里我依然有疑问,作者一再强调其在该案件中的收费是比较少的,因为美国法律有规定,那么美国的大律师一个个荷包满满的原因究竟是为什么?
整本书通读下来,使我最感兴趣也是我觉得最有研究意义的就是“陪审团的怀疑是否合理”这一章。接下来,我将着重对“合理的怀疑”进行论述。
什么是合理的怀疑?
在辛普森一案中,伊藤法官是如此定义合理的怀疑:这不仅只是可能的怀疑,因为任何与人相关的事物都存在某种可能或者想象的怀疑。合理的怀疑是指整个论控,在经过对所有证据全盘的比较与考量之后,陪审团心理仍然觉得没办法一直全然确信检方所论控的事实。
为了对合理的怀疑有更深的理解,我对美国刑事诉讼中的排除合理怀疑制度进行了进一步的了解。在美国司法制度中通常使用四个基本标准即优势证据(preponderance of the evidence、清晰且有力的证据(clearand convincing evidence、不含糊且有力的证据(unequivocal andconvincing evidence和排除合理怀疑标准(proof of beyond areasonable doubt。由于刑事案件极其严重的制裁结果因此其证明标准历来被认为是所有案件中最高的,即要达到排除合理怀疑的标准。但是对于合理怀疑的理解,由于过于“简单”,因此当各个陪审员面对这个标准时,合理怀疑显得是一个仁者见仁智者见智的问题。一些法院认为,在保障被告人获得公正审理的正当权利方面,合理怀疑标准显得极为重要,但是由于合理怀疑这一词汇不是那么普通、简单和清晰,即使是受过法律训练的法官也经常错误地描述合理的怀疑,因此需要对其进行必要的解释和把握。但是有一些人的观点却恰恰相左,他们觉得合理的怀疑是一个在陪审员心理不言自明的概念,将其文字化的明确反而使其更加的模糊。
在不同的案件中,法院对于合理怀疑的定义也是不同的。在People V. Feldman一案中,法院认为:基于同情、幻想、成见、空想、多愁善感而产生的怀疑不是合理怀疑,基于陪审员因软弱无能和胆小而逃避给他人定较重的罪行所致的不情愿也不是合理怀疑。这是从反向的角度的定义合理怀疑。在United States V. Savuil一案中,法院认为合理怀疑是基于理性和常理的怀疑,即这种怀疑将使一个理性的人在是否定罪上犹豫不决。这是从正面的角度来定义合理的怀疑。直到今日有关合理怀疑的标准问题的争论还是没有平息。
与前因一样,结果的交代也要十分简练。
有个孩子在《伴着希望出发》结尾这样总结:
演讲还算顺利。当我紧张时,好友会投与我一个鼓励的眼神;当我赢得众人的掌声时,她会为我喝彩;当我不是那么自信时,他会给我做手势,好像在对我说:“你伴着希望出发,一定没有问题的,自信点!”于是,我更加有信心了。
我在好友的帮助下,伴着希望出发。她在我迷茫的时候给予我鼓励,在我失意的时候给予我劝导。让我明白:小河在涌入汪洋大海时也遇到了重重困难,可最后仍成功了。当我在出发后遇到困难时,不要彷徨,要勇往直前。
这段结尾点明中心,但不够简洁,结尾应该用叙述概括的语言做总结,点明和升华主题,让人有发人深省,意犹未尽之感。我们来看一些作者如果写结尾的:
毕淑敏的《孝心无价》后面有句总括的语言:
“只是,天下的儿女们,一定要抓紧啊!趁你们父母健在的光阴。”
间接明了,又概括了全文。
鲁迅的《狂人日记》中最后一句进行呼吁也成了这部名篇的亮点:
“救救孩子……”
Fox is with the grape
Hungry of the fox see the grape to up hang the radiant and extremely keen grape of a string, saliva direct current, and want to pick to eat, but again
Can not take off.See in a short while, helplessly walked, and his side walk the side oneself to comfort to by oneself say:" this grape have noes familiar, affirmative
Is sour."
This is to say, and the some person's ability is small, and do to not accomplish anything, borrow to say the opportune moment immaturity.
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Wolf and egret
The wolf mistake swallowed a piece of bone, very suffered, running about, look for to visit the doctor everywhere.He met the egret, and talk to settle the service fees to invite him to take out the bone, egret to stretch in the wolf's throat the own head, and the 叼 outs bone, then toward to settle the good service fees wolfThe wolf answer says:" hello, friend, you can since the wolf 嘴 take back the head in the peace ground, and the difficult way return the dissatisfied foot, and how and still speak the guerdon?"
This story elucidation, guerdon badly person act charitably, and is a bad person of cognition and does not speak the reputation's innate character.
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Little boy and scorpion son
There is a child in front of city wall to catch the grasshopper, and in a short while caught the lots of.Suddenly see a scorpion son, he to think is also grasshopper,
Then two go to catch him.The scorpion son raises his poison to stab, say:" come, if you really dare to do like this, connect your grasshopper that catch to also would entirely lose."
This story warns people, and want to distinguish the pure good man with the bad person, and distinct to treat them.
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Drop at the fox in the well with the 公 goat
An only the fox take a wrong stepped the well, in spite of how he struggle can not still climb up, and have to be foolish there.The 公 goat feels
Thirsty pole, arrive at this well the side, and see the fox under the well, and then ask him the well water the how about it to drink?The fox feels the opportunity to come, heart inside
The 暗 pleaseds, right away the town quiet down, make every effort the laudation well water good drink, say this water is a world the first spring, pure and sweet and good to eat, and advise the goat to hurry up
Come down, and drink to heart's content with him.A the heart think only of to drink the water letter to think the true goat, then the without stopping to think ground jump downed to go to, and be his 咕咚咕 the 咚 painful
After finishing drinking, have to with the fox together totally the company ascend the well's way.Fox early contain preparation, he to archly say:" I pour to have a
Method.You pick with forepaw on the well wall, again Cape 竖直 , I behind carry on the back to jump up the well to go to from you, and pull you again to come up, we all
Save." the 公 goat agreed his proposal, fox to trample the feet of his empress, and jump he carry top on his back, and then make an effort from the Cape a
Jump, jump outed the mouth of a well.The fox go ups the hereafter, and the preparation alone escape.The 公 goat blames the fox and does not keep the 诺 speech.The fox returns overdo
Say to 公 goat:" hello, friend, beard that you of brains if resemble you are so perfect, you not to the extent of at did not see the pure exit it
Front blindly jump down to go to."
This story elucidation, cleverness of the person should to in advance think it over the affair's result, then just go to do.
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译文:
狐狸和葡萄
饥饿的狐狸看见葡萄架上挂着一串串晶莹剔透的葡萄,口水直流,想要摘下来吃,但又
摘不到。看了一会儿,无可奈何地走了,他边走边自己安慰自己说:“这葡萄没有熟,肯定
是酸的。”
这就是说,有些人能力小,做不成事,就借口说时机未成熟。
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狼与鹭鸶
狼误吞下了一块骨头,十分难受,四处奔走,寻访医生。他遇见了鹭鸶,谈定酬金请他取出骨头,鹭鸶把自己的头伸进狼的喉咙里,叼出了骨头,便向狼要定好的酬金。狼回答说:“喂,朋友,你能从狼嘴里平安无事地收回头来,难道还不满足,怎么还要讲报酬?”
这故事说明,对坏人行善的报酬,就是认识坏人不讲信用的.本质。
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小男孩与蝎子
有个小孩在城墙前捉蚱蜢,一会儿就捉了许多。忽然看见一只蝎子,他以为也是蚱蜢,
便着两手去捕捉他。蝎子举起他的毒刺,说道:“来吧,如果你真敢这样做,就连你捉的蚱蜢也会统统失掉。”
这故事告诫人们,要分辨清好人和坏人,区别对待他们。
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掉在井里的狐狸和公山羊
一只狐狸失足掉到了井里,不论他如何挣扎仍没法爬上去,只好呆在那里。公山羊觉得
口渴极了,来到这井边,看见狐狸在井下,便问他井水好不好喝?狐狸觉得机会来了,心中
暗喜,马上镇静下来,极力赞美井水好喝,说这水是天下第一泉,清甜爽口,并劝山羊赶快
下来,与他痛饮。一心只想喝水信以为真的山羊,便不假思索地跳了下去,当他咕咚咕咚痛
饮完后,就不得不与狐狸一起共商上井的办法。狐狸早有准备,他狡猾地说:“我倒有一个
方法。你用前脚扒在井墙上,再把角竖直了,我从你后背跳上井去,再拉你上来,我们就都
得救了。”公山羊同意了他的提议,狐狸踩着他的后脚,跳到他背上,然后再从角上用力一
跳,跳出了井口。狐狸上去以后,准备独自逃离。公山羊指责狐狸不信守诺言。狐狸回过头
对公山羊说:“喂,朋友,你的头脑如果像你的胡须那样完美,你就不至于在没看清出口之
前就盲目地跳下去。”
这故事说明,聪明的人应当事先考虑清楚事情的结果,然后才去做。
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