理清了学校的组织结构,并弄清了其运行机制,要实现学校的高效运转,就把各个不同的部门和不同的岗位协调、整合起来,以实现组织目标,撬动学校高效运转的油门。
在书中,李希贵校长对支持人员、研发平台、教育教学一线、战略高层、中层管理者这五个部分进行了新的制度设计,每部分内容都辅之以北京十一学校具体的实践案例,便于读者参考操作。在学校运行机制这一部分,最终指向的是教育教学一线,这也是本书研究的重点。
“良好的教育重在过程,成绩是水到渠成的自然结果。”李希贵校长不以分数作为考核教育教学一线效益的标准,他强调从三个方面考核教育教学一线的效益:一是师生关系;二是学生学分情况,也就是学生在德智体美劳各方面都必须获得规定的学分的情况;三是教学成绩。学校并不排斥好的成绩,但会引导教师在教育教学实践中把握好尺度,一方面不能以牺牲学生的全面发展为代价,另一方面要以科学的态度和符合规律的方式去追求分数。有了这样的教育理念,学校运行才不会在运行中失去教育的本真,偏离运行的轨道。
李希贵校长提出,通过调整资源配置方式来调整工作重点,是战略高层的运作方式,要在校园里创造市场,运用市场法则,把人才流动机制引进校园,把合适的人放在合适的位置,做到人尽其才。为解决纵向管理中出现的基层对信息的屏蔽的问题,书中提出让双线监督成为纵向管理的标配,除了正常的上级对下属的直接监督之外,还有设置另外一条监督的通道,一般由非直接上下级,包括第三方实施监督。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
爱国卫生工作是一项社会性很强的系统工程,但仅靠领导重视是远远不够的',只有把全体学校师生和单位职工真正发动起来,形成全面动员、全体师生员工齐动手的态势,营造良好的氛围才能从根本上保证爱国卫生工作的落实,保证爱国卫生工作的持续发展。为此,我们采取了以下措施和做法来加大宣传力度,让广大师生及工作人员能了解爱国卫生工作的重要性、必要性,并积极参与到爱国卫生活动中来。
1、强化了舆论宣传。学校利用班会、“国旗下讲话”等形式,充分利用学校广播站、健康教育墙报、班级板报等宣传阵地,向广大师生宣传各种卫生小常识,帮助师生养成良好的卫生习惯。学校设置有健康教育专栏,每月一次;各班一学期3—4期关于爱国卫生的黑板报。
2、举办卫生健康知识讲座。以专题讲座等形式对学校师生和单位职工进行爱国卫生宣传,并开展相互监督活动、争爱国卫生标兵及创建文明卫生校园实践活动。学校根据季节的变换、上级布置的任务等定期举办各种专题的知识讲座,如“中学生防近视知识讲座”、“中学生青春期卫生知识讲座”、“心理健康知识讲座”、“校园红丝带讲座”等等。通过这些活动,更有效、更深入的进行爱国卫生宣传活动。
3、分发卫生健康知识宣传材料。如“健康知识”小册子、《学校健康教育实施细则》、健康行为实际操作说明、《教研简报》爱国卫生专刊等等。通过这些宣传活动,广大师生和职工对爱国卫生工作有了更深入的认识,自觉地参与到活动中来,同时又把这些知识带入家庭,影响他人,服务社会。
4、组织单位职工和学校师生广泛开展爱国卫生、城市管理、环境保护、消防、道路交通等法规的宣传教育和义务劳动。使教职员工和学生的城市卫生、卫生保健、疾病预防、交通知识知晓率达到95%以上。
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