英语高中作文类型【一】
伍谦光(1995∶199指出:“‘词汇歧义’是指由于对句子中某一个词的意义有不同的理解而产生的歧义。”
2.1因“一词多义”(Polysemy引起的歧义
Robert.A.Hall指出“人们在各种不同场合赋予一个词以各种不同的意义。这些意义自然也就是这个词的真正涵义”(周立人,1997∶4。由此可见,一个词的词义往往是多义的。侯国金(1998∶66说:“一个词若具备两个或两个以上的意义便是‘多义词’。”因此,用多义词造句就可能产生歧义。当然,只要我们把多义词放到一定的语境里,一般可以避免歧义。不过有时我们会遇到一个多义词的两个不同意义在句子中都讲得通,这样,句子就产生了歧义。下面是一些实例:
2.1.1名词
(12Mr.Smith gave me a ring yesterday.
句子中的ring可理解为“戒指”,也可理解为“打电话”。
2.1.2动词
(13He painted a tree.
此句中的painted可作“涂上油漆”解,也可作“用颜料画”解。
2.1.3形容词
(14It is hard.
句中的hard可作“艰难的”解,又可作“坚硬的”解。
2.1.4副词
(15The man was walking backwards.
句中的backwards可作“向后”解,又可作“背朝后”解。
2.1.5介词
(16The vase is on the television.
此句中的on,可作“在……之上”解,也可作“上了电视屏幕”解。
2.1.6连词
(17Oil the machine in case it gets rusty.
句中的in case可解释为“以防”,也可解释为“如果”或“当……时候(尤其在美国英语中”。
2.1.7代词
(18You should be quiet.
句中的You可以是主格第二人称代词“你,你们”,也可以是不定人称代词,泛指“任何人”。
2.1.8数词
(19She is a mother of sixteen.
句中的基数词sixteen既可作“十六岁”解,又可作“十六个孩子”解。
2.1.9冠词
(20It can be moved by a child.
句中的不定冠词a既有数量的概念,即“one”的意义,也有种类的概念,即指孩子,而不是大人或其它什么东西。
2.2因“完全同形同音异义词”(Perfect homonyms引起的`歧义
林承璋(1997∶82认为:“同形同音异义是指两个或两个以上的词具有相同形式不同意义的现象。”具体来说,同形同音异义词是指意义不同、读音和拼写都相同或意义不同、但在读音或拼写某一方面相同的词。
完全同形同音异义中的B类由于读音、拼写和词性都相同,所以易引起歧义。下面是一些实例:
(21a.John drove to the bank.
b.He was attracted by the ball.
c.The tourists passed the port at midnight.
这三个例句中的bank,ball,port都属于完全同形同音异义词,即读音、拼写和词性都相同,但由于意义不同而引起了歧义。例(21a中的bank既可以理解为“银行”,又可以理解为“河岸”。例(21b中的ball既可以理解为“球”,又可以理解为“正式舞会”。例(21c中的port既可以理解为“港口”,又可以理解为“葡萄酒”。
英语高中作文类型【二】
在我的印象中桂林是阳光明媚的地方。我每年都梦想去那里度假。桂林以它美丽的自然风光出名。
Firstly, owing to the goodlatitude, it's neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. So it seems likespring all the year round.
首先，由于良好的.纬度，冬天不是很冷夏天也不太热。所以那里是四季如春。
Secondly, as no large industrythere and focus on tourism, there's almost no pollution. Maybe we can enjoy ourbeautiful nature there.
其次，由于那里没有大型工业区，重点关注的是旅游，所以那里几乎没有污染。也许我们可以在那里享受到我们大自然的美丽的风光。
Thirdly, the landscape in Guilinis the best in the world. For example, Lijiang River is as clean as a mirror.While boating on Lijiang River, I found myself in wonderland. The mountains alongthe river are so fantastic. Some of them look like animals; some of them looklike plants; and some of them look like human beings. The elephant mountain,it's the symbol of the city.
第三，在桂林的景观是世界上最好的。例如，丽江像镜子一样干净。在丽江上划船，我觉得自己犹如在仙境中一般。河边的山是如此的奇妙。其中一些看起来像动物；有些看起来像植物；有些看起来像人类。象鼻山，是这个城市的象征。
What's more, it's also worth visitingthe silver cave. It's eroded by carbon dioxide and water falls. As you enterinto the cave, you will discover yourself in another fanciful world. You can'timagine how magic our nature is.
而且，银子岩也是值得参观的。它是由二氧化碳和倾斜而下的水形成的。你进入洞中，你会觉得自己身处于一个幻想中的世界。你无法想象我们的大自然是多么的神奇。
英语高中作文类型【三】
Paul Robert在《英语句子结构》(English Sentence Structure一书中指出:“据多数情况来看,歧义的产生并非故意的。它是由运用句子结构时的疏忽造成的,以致没有能够将可以使意义清晰的标记包罗到句子中去。(周立人,1997∶6”于是忽视使用表明句子结构的句法代号就引起了语法歧义。伍谦光(1995∶199认为:“‘语法歧义’是指由于对句子中的句法结构有不同理解而产生的歧义。”语法歧义最常见,也最复杂。下面是一些具有代表性的类例:
1.1词性
一个句子往往由于无法确定某个词的词性而变得无法理解。
(1College demands change.
很明显,例句中的demands既可理解为动词,也可理解为名词。change同样如此。于是此句就产生了两个不同的意思:(1大学要求改革。demands是动词,change是名词。(2大学的要求改变了。demands是名词,change是动词。
1.2名词(修饰语+名词
1.2.1复合名词或名词短语
(2an English teacher
此例在书面语中易引起歧义:(1一位教英语的老师。English teacher是一个复合名词。(2一位来自英国的老师。English作为修饰语加在名词前构成名词短语。
1.2.2-ing+名词
(3Flying planes can be dangerous.
此句也产生了两种意思:(1驾驶飞机会是危险的。Flying是动名词。(2正在驾驶的飞机会有危险。Fling是现在分词,作形容词用。
1.3带有’s的名词所有格
(4This is his teacher’s book.
句子中teacher’s book可以是一个整体,即“教师用书”。但his teacher也可以是一个整体,即“他的老师”。所以此句产生了两个意思:(1这是他的教师用书。(2这是他老师的书。
1.4不定式动词短语
(5The tiger is too small to kill.
此例也有两种含义:(1这只老虎太小以致于不能伤人。此意对tiger来说,是主动的动作。(2这只老虎太小了,还不能被***。此意对tiger来说,是被动的动作。
1.5“及物动词+宾语”结构
(6I found Jim an experienced teacher.
及物动词found后面接了两个名词Jim和an experienced teacher。这句话有两个意思:(1我发现吉姆原来是一位有的老师。(2我为吉姆找到了一位有经验的老师。
1.6并列连词and
(7Tom and Lucy are married.
此句可理解为:(1汤姆和露西两个成了亲。其中and连接两个名词,构成一个简单句。(2汤姆和露西两个都已结婚。该句可看作一个并列句。
1.7悬挂式否定词not
(8His object is not to eat.
此句产生的两种意思为:(1他的目的不是吃。作此意讲时,is和not的关系紧密,可写作isn’t。(2他的目的是绝食。作此意讲时,not与to eat的关系紧密,形成“绝食”的含义。因此not是悬挂式的(即可以自由摆动。
1.8悬挂式代词
(9The man informed his brother that he should lose weight.
人称代词he位于两个名词the man和his brother之后,句意变得模糊:(1这个男的告诉他的哥哥他自己应该减肥。人称代词he代指the man。(2这个男的告诉他的哥哥他应该减肥。这时人称代词he代指his brother。
1.9悬挂式状语修饰成分
(10The people who saw the play frequently praised it.
这里的frequently很难说是修饰saw the play还是praised的,因为状语修饰成分是“悬挂的”,所以产生了两个意思:(1经常看戏的人们称赞了它。(2看了这出戏的人们频繁地称赞它。
1.10悬挂式定语修饰成分
(11Lily likes the vase on the table which she bought yesterday.
此句中的which she bought yesterday是定语从句,这个定语从句可认为是修饰vase,也可以认为是修饰table。也引起了歧义:(1莉莉喜欢放在桌子上的那个昨天买的花瓶。(2莉莉喜欢放在昨天买的桌子上的那个花瓶。
英语高中作文类型【四】
When students finish their high school, most of them will to go study in college, the first thing they do is to choose the major. Choosing the major is a big problem for every college student, not only for Chinese students, but also for the students around the world. Students will face the factors such as their interest is more important or the future of the major worth being first concerned.
当学生读完高中，大部分人会去大学学习，他们要做的第一件事就是选择专业。选择专业是对每个大学生来讲都是件大事，并不仅仅对于中国的学生，对于全世界的学生来说都一样。学生仍然面临着他们的兴趣更重要还是专业的将来更重要的问题。
On the one hand, most parents care about the future of the major. When students decide the major, parents will interfere with their own opinion, they want their children can have a bring future, so they care much about the needed talent of the society. Thus the children can find a promising job and earn more money.
一方面，大部分父母关注专业的未来。当学生选择专业时，父母会干涉，他们想要孩子有一个光明的未来，所以他们很关注社会需要什么样的'人才。这样孩子可以找到一份有前途的工作，赚更多的钱。
On the other hand, students want to choose the major that they are interested. This is often contradicting with their parents’ opinion. Some students want to learn art, but most parents won’t be allowed it because it is hard for students to find a job. Everyone admits that interest is the first factor, with it, students will feel happy.
另一方面，学生想要选择他们感兴趣的专业。这经常和父母的意见相左。一些学生想要学艺术，但是大部分父母不会同意，因为这很难让学生找到工作。每个人都觉得兴趣是第一个要素，有了兴趣，学生才会感到快乐。
When choosing the major, students should considerate their parents’ opinion, most parents are open-minded, they will respect the kids’ willingness.
当选择专业的时候，学生应该考虑他们父母的意见，大部分父母是开明的，他们会尊重孩子的意愿。
英语高中作文类型【五】
In the 21st century, the talent quality of hardworkingand dependable is no longer the only thing that the enterprise required. Infact, those two qualities are the basic constitution, now the requirement oftalent is more comprehensive. The perspective to define a talent is differentnow.
在21世纪，人才品质中的勤奋和踏实不再是企业唯一要求的品质了。事实上，这两个品质只是基本的个体素质。现在的人才要求更加全面。定义人才的视角也不一样了。
First,the enterprise prefers the one who could combine innovate and practice. Basically,the value comes from innovate, but only after combined with the innovation andpractice, can the value work the maximal effect. We can not be restricted tothe repetitive tasks. We should always keep creating new ideas.
第一，企业喜欢能把创新和实践结合起来的人。从基本上说，价值源于创新，但只有把创新与实践结合起来，价值才能发挥最大的成效。我们不能局限于重复的工作中，我们应当时时想着创造新的点子。
Second,the enterprise is more fancy the cross-domain talent. 21st century isthe century that combines different field and industry. The modern society andenterprise is no only require specializing to the professional field, but alsoto know about the relevant major and field, combine them and solved theproblems effective.
第二，企业更喜欢跨领域人才。21世纪是结合不同学科，不同产业的世纪。现代社会和现代企业不仅仅要在某个专业领域有造诣，还要知道相关的专业和领域，结合它们，有效地解决问题。
Finally,the IQ, EQ, SQ issue. When we define one man is successful or not, we do notlook into his academic record or intelligence quotient (IQ, but the balance developmentof intelligence quotient, emotional quotient and spiritual quotient.
最后，IQ，EQ，SQ的问题。当我们定义一个人成功与否，我们不仅仅看他学科成绩和智商，二世要看智商，情商，灵商的均衡发展。
Tosum up, if we want to survive in this competitive society, we need a comprehensivedevelopment to adapt to the requirement of the modern enterprise, or we willeliminated by the society.
总之，如果我们要在这竞争激烈的社会中生存，我们需要全面地发展去适应现代企业的要求，不然我们就会被社会淘汰。
英语高中作文类型【六】
As a major channel of consumption information, the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption.
Interestingly, the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.
I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase. Firstly, the higher rating means the higher quality of the product, or better service.
Based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.
Secondly, ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping. For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from. In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.
There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related. It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.
作为消费信息的主要渠道，评级是我们消费中购物的有效信息来源。有趣的是，同样的评级可能对不同的消费者产生不同的影响。
我倾向于咨询消费评级无论我购买。首先，较高的评级意味着产品质量的提高，或更好的服务。
根据收视率，我买了我心爱的背包，看了有趣的电影，尝到了美味的食物。
其次，收视率可以节省时间作出决定，在购物。例如，有大量的参考书，我经常用于选择。在这种情况下，根据收视率买书既方便又经济。
毫无疑问，完全依靠消费的收视率是不明智的。评级的利弊往往密切相关。有必要对收视率持客观态度。
英语高中作文类型【七】
For thousands of years， animals have trodden a slow path， their spirits together with the body。 But our human being\'s transportation is too fast。 The body moves but the soul is left behind。 We try to free ourselves in convenience， but we only imprison the soul。 Since we invented how to count hours， we do everything to short the time， short the deadline。 But the time saved can\'t be shorten。 Nowadays， we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels， while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family。 We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet， while we hardly think about our life。 In the end， the only thing apparent is our loneliness。
Take your time， please。 Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock。 Try to share your time with everybody you love， share your mind， your happiness and sadness。 Try to read the world we live in， do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society。
Someday， when we know how to spend every second in our life， we can then live our own life。
