话题作文,写作范围一般都十分宽泛,如果仅把话题当做一个僵死的概念,视为“铁板一块,不可分割”的整体,笼统地去做文章,势必内容空泛、文意散漫。所以,写好话题作文的第一点要求就是善于在一个宽泛的范围内,“择其一点,不及其余”,也就是只定“大范围”中的“某一方面”。给自己提供一个充分发挥、具体表现的好舞台,这样才能在五六百字左右的篇幅内定出立意鲜明、内容具体充实的好文章。善于“化大为小”,还要善于“以小见大”,从小的方面表现深刻的主题。这就要求作者在选择“小的方面”的时候,注意所选材料的“现实性、针对性、典型性”。俗话说:“与其伤其十指,不如断其一指,”就是这个道理。
比如,2003年四川省成都市中考作文题是:在现代社会里少不了交往,在交往的过程中的幸福,有苦恼,请以“交往”为话题定一篇作文。这个话题很宽泛,基本上包含了社会生活的方方面面,因为我们在社会中总是以不同的方式与人交往。如考生不能找准一个较小的切入点,就很容易对现在的人际关系泛泛而谈。而一旦落入此俗套,得高分的只能是妄想了。一篇高分作文《往下走,往上走》把切入点放到了楼道里的一扇铁门上,围绕这扇既给人带来安全,又给人带来麻烦的铁门,写出了楼道里的人们由冷漠对立到温情交住的变化。由此可见,只有做到了“化大为小”和“以小见大”,记叙文才容易出彩。
实践证明,凡是选择了较小切入点,并做到了“以小见大”的记叙文得高分的可能性就相当大。
aboutasto
getacquire(knowledge/skills
offerafford(jobopportunities
expectanticipatechanges/difficulities
solvetackle/grapplewith
raiseelevate/heighten
mostimportantoverriding/override
combinesynthesize
supportuphold(ournationalvalues
deepen
weak
usetoomuch
becauseof
satisfy
learn
finally
right
know
miss
dotogether
boring
balance
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prettybutlessuseful
fresh
happenagain
good
difficult
perfect
urgent
sad
many/toomuch
fast-growing
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should
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broadenone’shorizon
spendAonB
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befullofbeinundated/saturatedwith
todoharmtobelikelytofallpreyto/bevulnerableto
concerncausegraveconcern/concernshavearisenabout
meanspelldisaster/troublefor
makesthsthAhasrenderBsth
tootosthhasreachedsuchproportionthat/…tothepointwhere…mostimportantmorethananything,/andaboveall
growtheproliferationoffast-food/cybergames
seesthobjectivelyputsthinperspective
thinksthmostimportantit’shardtooverstatethesignificanceofneedsthnecessitate/entail
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showmirror/embody
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affecthinder
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andalongwith/aswellas
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appearmushroom/springup/sproutup
applyputintopractice
askconsult
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attachenclose
attracttempt/appealto
audienceviewer
basisfoundation
beabletobecapableto
beconvenientatone’sconvenience
begoodatbeskilledat
behelpfulbeofhelp
beimportantbeofimportance
benearbearoundthecorner
beobviousitgoeswithoutsayingthat…/itisarguablethatberisingskyrocket/rocket/soar
besuretobeboundto
besurprisedatbeamazedat
beuselessbeofnouse
bearbeloadedwith
becauseofdueto
becomefashionablecomeintoafashion
becomehappycheerup
beforeoriginal
buildfound/putup/shape
buyafford
byoneselfallalone
carefulattentive
causeattributeto/leadto
changemodify/shift/fluctuation
changewithvarywith
cheatingdeception
choosefrommakeachoicebetween
clearevident/self-evident
comefromstemfrom/springfrom
comeoutcomeforth
complainplaceacomplaintagainst
considerconvince/figureout/givethoughtto
consider…..importantattachimportanceto/laymuchemphasisuponcontinuegoahead
controlinthegripsof
cooperatejoinhandswith
decidedetermine
deepprofound/far-reaching
dependonhingeupon/counton
dependononeselfliveonone’sown
developcultivate/buildup
difficultybarrier
diligentindustrious
dogoinfor/carryout
dogooddofavor/helpv
dropdecline/ontheebb
eatlessgoonadiet
emphasisputahighvalueon/treasurev/valuev/cherishv
enablefacilitate
encouragespursbonto/motivate
endangerjeopardize
enforcestrengthen
engagemajorin
enjoybecrazyabout
enlargebroaden
enoughadequate
evaluatespeakhighlyof
explainuavelthemysteryof/accountfor/beresponsiblefor
facebefacedwith/faceup
failfrustrate
failurefrustration
fameprestige
famousprominent
famouspeoplegalaxy
feelingpassion/sentiments
findlocate
findoutsortout
finishaccomplish
firelayoff
fixinginstallation
focusoncenteron
forexampleacaseinpoint
foreverpermanent
futureprospective
getacquire/regain
getridofeliminate
givegrant/issue
give/supplyprovide…with
giveattentiontogivepriorityto
globaluniversal
goonbringforward
goalheart’sdesire
goodbeneficial
goodstudentstopstudents
goodsnecessity
greatenormous/dramatic
greatprime/utmost
greetingsregards
growflourish
happinesswell-being
havepossess
havearelationshipwithbeontermswith
hopelookforwardto
hopetodosthbeeagertososth./longtodosthhopefulpromising
ignoreneglect
illnessdisease
importantessential/vita
improveenhance/boost/upgrade
improvementadvance
ingroupsintwosandthrees
includemakeup
increasesoar
influencemold
intendtargettodosth./bemeanttodointerestedcrazy
interestinglywithgreatinterestintroductionprospectus
investigationsurvey
joboccupation/employment
joinmaintain/holdonto
keepmaintain/holdonto
killoneselfcommitsuicide
knowgrasp/beawareof/knowaboutknowledgecommand
leavedepartfrom
likepreference
limitconfine
loadburden
lookaroundexamine
lookforruninto/huntfor
lookup…inreferto
lowerinferior
makenervousplacestrainon
makeprogressmakeleapsin/pressforwardmakesureguarantee
makesurethattoseeitthat…
manyberichin/countless
meetruninto/comeacross
messchaos
necessaryindispensable
needbeinneedof
nothesitatefeelfreetodosth
notknowbeignorantof
number
obvious
occupation
offer
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overcome
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payattentionto
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总之,一篇优秀的记叙文,一定是包含了上述因素的。
线索是记叙性作品中把全部材料贯串成一个有机整体的脉络。繁杂、零碎的材料(人、事、景、物)如果没有一条清晰的线索来连缀、贯穿,就会互不关联,杂乱无章;有了线索,文章就能纲举目张,浑然一体,更好地表现中心。清楚的线索应该是有利于读者识别、发现的,如标题、穿插的抒情议论、反复出现的某个物体或词句等。其设计方式则灵活多样:可以是某个人物、某个事件、某种物体,可以是时间的推移、空间的转换,也可以是感情的变化,等等。应试时,我们可以根据中心表达的需要,灵活选择。
这里的立意深刻是指文章的主题新鲜独特,与众不同,富有深意。
我们仍以《留下》一文为例,作者没在文中给出任何评论,却能深深地打动读者。经历了非典时期,这种亲情、爱情、友情更显得弥足珍贵。
从这个例子我们可以看出,平常的话题,我们也可以发掘出深刻的主题来。
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