“我不喜欢弟弟或妹妹,因为那样爸爸妈妈就不会再爱我……”最近上网总能看到类似于二胎这样的话题。这个政策是去年新颁布的,瞬间引起了社会各界的更关注,它已成为我们备考高考作文的话题之一。
此政策在网络和微信上引发了热议(become a sensation on the Internet and We Chat。不少网友认为"00后"(children born after 2000太自私,即使是同意父母生二胎的`孩子,在有了弟弟妹妹后脾气也会变坏。但也有不少人认为,这仅仅是教育方式的问题而已(the problem lies in education。如青岛一所小学的一群四年级学生日前成立了"反弟弟妹妹联盟",说服父母不要生二胎。(A group of fourth-graders at an elementary school in Qingdao formed an "anti-siblings alliance" in an effort to persuade their parents not to have a second child.该校一名老师最近发现,班里有八个孩子常聚在一起窃窃私语,讨论这件事(hold secret meetings to discuss the issue。这些学生担心弟弟妹妹会分走自己独享的父母宠爱(steal their parents' exclusive love。
有话题就会有相关词汇,这就要求大家在平常的学习中多多积累,这样到用了时候心中自然就有丘壑。同时也可以扩充相关词汇,如:流动人口mobile population;独生子女家庭only child family;生育时间表birth time schedule;备孕plan for pregnancy。
二胎政策实施过程中,也给社会带来了一定的影响。这一部分探讨也可以作为作文的写作素材。如全面二孩政策(universal two-child policy出台后,中国内地主要城市三居室或四居室的大户型房子(large three or four-bedroom homes销量攀升。北京和上海等城市的很多夫妇正在搜寻居住环境更佳的大房子(hunt for larger homes with a better environment,为家里添丁加口早做准备。据估计,新的生育政策将使未来5年内多增加1700万新生儿(extra 17m babies being born within the next five years。
Jiefang Road
Oct. 16, 2003
Dear Mike,
I'm going to the cinema next Sunday morning to see “ A Dream of Red ” , and I have two tickets. Would you like to come?
The film starts at 9:00. Maybe we can meet at the gateway of the department store and have breakfast before the film starts.
Please give me a call if you can come. I'm at home in the evening.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Love,
Li Lei
电影《美国丽人》中,郊区后现代中产阶级家庭中,母亲对女儿说:“你已经长大了,你应该学习人生中最重要的一课:你不能指望人和人,除了你自己。”我们想要相信我们是自己的救世主,这会赋予我们所渴望的控制力,会让我们成为自己命运的主宰者。
但是社会学的一个基本观点是:我们每个人都很脆弱,都需要依赖他人,都很贫困。每个人除了依靠他人别无选择。想一想,我们真的仅仅是我吗?我们的经历,我们的朋友,我们共同遵守的社会规则。
在社会学意义上,“自我”这一概念超出了人的身体所包含的东西。它包括社会纽带关系。我们的性别、出身地、毕业的学校,认识的人,拥有的技能,性情,等等,把我从我与他人的关系中分离出来,是很困难的。我们的行动不仅仅受自我意愿的影响,还受“我们假想的他人的一组态度”的影响。甚至我们从孩童发展为一个社会人的过程中,就是用社会规则来限制我们的行为。我们身处的阶级(即物质资源、社会资源、文化资源的分配情况)决定了我们为什么会这样想,为什么会这样做。只有意识到这一点,我们才能去理解:“我们为什么会这样想”
China is a great country with the largest population in the world. In order to solve the population problem, our government decides to implemented one-child policy. When it is carried out for some time, many people not only see its advantages but also disadvantages. Thus, people argue that two-child policy should be put into effect. In my opinion, two-child policy should be carried out.
中国是一个人口大国。为了解决人口问题,我国政府决定实施独生子女政策。执行一段时间后,许多人不仅看到了这个政策的优点还有缺点。因此,人们开始推崇二胎政策。在我看来,二胎政策是应该实施的。作文
First of all, two-child policy is the gift for some only child. For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child. Put aside the loneliness of their child, when their child grows up and they grow older, their child marry with an only child girl accidentally, the burden on their child and his wife is unimaginable heavy. Their child and his wife have to take care of two old couples. Usually, a young couple looking after an old couple is a little difficult; if the pressure increasing twice, how can they stand it. But if their parents have two children, they can share the burden of taking care of their parents. It would be much better.
首先,二胎政策对于一些独生子女来说是天赐的礼物。对于一些家庭来说,也许父母都是独生子女,而他们也只生一个孩子。抛开孩子的孤独不说,当他们的孩子长大了,而他们也变老了,他们的孩子又和一个独生子女结婚,这样的话,压在他们孩子和孩子妻子肩上的压力是不可想象的。他们的孩子和他的妻子不得不照顾两对老人。通常,一对年轻的夫妇照顾一对老人就有点难了;如果压力增加了一倍,他们怎么能忍受呢。但是如果他们的父母有两个孩子,他们就能分享照顾父母的压力。这样会比较好。
Secondly, two-child policy can guarantee the number of Chinese population. As the widely spread of one-child policy, some people have changed their conception about giving birth. If they firmly believe one-child policy, there will be more and more the dink. After several decades, our country will famous for lack of population.
其次,二胎政策可以确保中国的人口数量。由于广泛宣传独生子女政策,有些人已经改变了他们的生育观念。如果他们认同独生子女政策,就会有越老越多的丁克族。几十年后,我国就会以人口短缺而著名了。
In conclusion, one-child policy has out of date. And tow-child policy is needed and necessary. It can solve the problem of nowadays and the future.
总之,独生子女政策已经过时了。二胎政策是必要和必须的。这可以解决当前和未来的问题。
在现今这个我们所生活的后现代时代,关于现实的基本性质的困境和不确定性,已经成为生活以及“是”什么的一个核心要素。
作为一个社会组织或社会结构的体现,后现代性强调的是我们的社会世界的多元性、相互联结性和全球性特征。
后现代主义则是关于现实的哲学和理论思维,他质疑现实的单一性质,并怀疑我们能用绝对术语去认识有关的现实。他把现实看成是多元的和被社会建构的。
我们关于“真实”的经验总是以符号、象征物和话语为中介。
从字面上讲,超现实的意思就是在真是智商,超越真实和在真实之外。这是一个难以理解的概念,因为我们总是倾向于把我们看到的东西认为是理所当然的,换言之,就是我们假设在现实和认识之间存在着直接的联系。
当提到超现实时,我们所认为的真实并非真正的真实。或者,也可进一步说,没有事物是真实的,除非我们认定它是真实的,尽管我们很快就会忘记现实的非真实性。
从积极的方面看,后现代的视角开拓了我们的思维,让我们以一种新的、富有创造性的方式去思考和行动。但它也对我们所依赖的、能提供给我们确定性和目标的文化提出了疑问。
消费主义就是后现代性的核心。在后现代社会,我们面临的是强制选择:选择不仅仅是一种取舍,更是一件必须要做的事情。并且我们选择不限于食宿的东西,我们甚至要选择伙伴,信仰,身份。
通过预测一个被经济而不是国家身份结合起来的全球社会,人口统计学家韦斯预言:“随着国家边界的逐渐消失,地球村将最终成为一个簇群的世界。”处在相同经济簇但却是在不同城市或国家的人们,将比生活在同一个城市但却处在不同经济簇中的人们又更多的共同点。那些拥有充足资源来投资以增进他们的物质资源、社会资源和文化资源的人,其资源使得他们与在同一群体的其他人而不是那些他们当地社区的人联系更紧密。
作为赛博人,不仅仅是一个人机合成体;它还使自我和非自我之间的界限变得模糊不清。孤立的自我让路于网络化的自我。
我们是灰色的。罗德里格斯用这个隐喻来描述在民族、性特征和文化方面交叉的边界:“灰色,并不必然具有一种颜色上的意义,但却只有灰色是必然的,因为它是混合的、困惑的、结块的、不纯的、未经高温消毒的。”
后现代生活的一个经验就是,生活中并没有单一的历史和单一的经验。可能对于在后现代时代现实发展的最好比喻,就是一个可以使我们从常常对立的现实中跳出去的舞蹈。社会学可以帮助我们更好地理解这个舞蹈的本质,实际上也只有这样做,社会学才能引导我们走向更加积极的未来。
Dear Ms.Smith,
I'm Li Hua,Chair of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School,which is close to your university.I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15. It will start at 2:00 pm and last for about three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic "Man and Nature".We hope that you will accpet our invitation if it is convenient for you.please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions. I am looking forward to your reply.
With best wishes,
Li Hua
今天把社会学的邀请看完了,200多页的书,深受启发。
社会学是一门研究人和社会的关系以及差异性结果的系统性研究。针对我们个人能够解释我为什么按照我做的这样做,我为什么按照我想的这样想的问题。
作者第一章抛出了对于社会地位的讨论,每个人的社会地位对于个人的发展,和能够取得的成就具有重要的作用。社会地位能够决定我们的社会关系、我们持有的信念、我们所获得的资源。处于相似社会地位的人,倾向于做出相似的选择。
社会地位决定了我们所能获得的社会资源,而社会资源包括物质和经济资源、社会关系资源、文化资源。
通过对于社会地位的讨论,作者对社会学做出了定义,并分别讨论了个人、群体和系统性定义的作用。第一章,描述了社会学研究采用的基本方法:演绎法和归纳法。演绎法先通过预测,做出假设,再通过采集数据对假设进行验证。归纳法通过实地采集大量数据,在分析获得的数据,得出结论。
从第四章开始,作者分别介绍了社会学三巨头:涂尔干、马克思、韦伯的理论并对比三者理论的异同点。这些大理论倾向于从宏大的社会场景中去分析群体和社会,采用自上而下的方法。
最后作者转向分析个人的观念和行为,通过个人的行为,去分析整个社会,采用自下而上的方法。最后作者提出了很多针对个人行动的建议,通过这些建议去践行社会学,发展自己,贡献社会。
Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that the parents are willing to have a second child, while their only child do not agree because of his worry that he doesn't want to have another child, even his own sibling, share toys with him. Simple as it is, the symbolic meaning revealed is profound and thought-provoking.
We are supposed to place our attention on, instead of its funny appearance, the implied meaning of the cartoon: as the overall second-child policy expands throughout China, some only children are so selfish that they cannot accept the second child in their family. What can account for this undesirable situation? For one thing, they, as the only child at home all the time, have no awareness of sharing what they like with others due to the fact that all the family members give their love to the only child. As a result, when faced with the problem of whether they are willing to have a sibling, their first response is to refuse it. For another reason, some couples are eager to have a second child as soon as possible, which makes them neglect to communicate with their only child to let them realize the advantage of having a sibling companion in their childhood.
From what has been discussed above, it's safe for me to conclude that it is urgent to take some immediate and effective measures. What I recommend is that parents should let child know the importance of sharing with others, which is beneficial for them in future life. In addition, it's better for parents to have more communication with their only child once they want to have a second child.
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