1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
Guo hui is my classmate, he humorous, funny, talk nonsense, always can bring infinite joy to us...
He is the \"pistachio\" of our class! Want to understand why my classmates have such a title? Then sit down and have a cup of tea and slowly hear about my classmates.
He, a row of neat teeth, is always on the tip of his mouth, always smiling, always smiling; A smaller belly than me, a kind of \"prime minister\" style, memorable... But his mischievous looks are flattering.
At noon, the teachers were not in the classroom. The students were sitting in their respective seats. \"Sweet honey ~ I think you are sweet, all in... \"This is, love\" sing \"the song when he was not in the teacher, cant help begin to shout loudly,\" there is a mountain road, there is a mountain road. \"Listen to him singing and listening to the radio: singing jay Chous\" blue and white porcelain, \"and then singing his own adaptation of\" welcome to Beijing, \"for a moment... He seemed to be intoxicated with the appearance of the ocean in music, which made many sitting students laugh with pain. Some of the students were laughing straight at the table...
At this point, the math teacher come and look at the situation in class, then see is deep abyss of his music, and he said humorously: \"ha ha, our class have a good\" hua mu LAN \"ah!\" When the students saw the teacher coming, they immediately became silent and heard the sound of a silk needle falling to the ground. Before he could react, he found that the teacher was standing nearby, and his face was red...
Another time, our classmates and he played ping-pong together, but he was very rubbish, he lost but he looked at others. He said, \"god, god... .\" Make the game laugh.
Students only see you this \"pistachio\", I can not worry...
Dear Linda,
亲爱的琳达,
I saw your name in a newspaper. You asked for pen pals in China. I am fifteen years old and I live in the city of Shenzhen. I am in my second year at
我在报纸上看到你的名字。你问中国笔友。我十五岁,我住在深圳市。我在我的第二年
No. 1 Middle School. You can see from my photograph that I have a big smile and long black hair.
1中学。你可以从我的.照片中看到,我有一个大大的笑容和长长的黑发。
My father is a worker and my mother is a doctor. I like stamps, music, movies and reading. I enjoy dancing and helping my uncle on the farm, too. I am also interested in your country. Please write to me soon.
我爸爸是工人,我妈妈是医生。我喜欢邮票,音乐,电影和阅读。我喜欢在农场里跳舞和帮助我的叔叔。我也对你的国家感兴趣。请尽快给我写信。
Yours,
你的,
Li Ming
李明
Zhang Xin is our monitor. She is tall, healthy and lively. She does well in all subjects. She is fond of sports and is good at singing and dancing.Zhang Xin works hard at English. When she came to the school, she had quite a lot of difficulties with the language. But she was not afraid of them and always tried her best to overcome them. She was active in class and did a lot of practice after class. No pains, no gains. With great efforts she made much progress in English study.Zhang Xin is modest and always ready to help others. She is very strict with herself in her work and daily life. She sets us all a fine example.
张欣是我们的班长,她长得很高,身体很好充满活力。她各科都很优秀,喜欢运动,且能歌善舞。她学习英语很刻苦,刚来的时候,学习英语有语言障碍。但她从不怕困难,并且不断尝试去克服困难。她在课堂上很积极,课后也做很多练习,一分耕耘一分收获,这些努力使她英语取得很大的进步。张欣很谦虚,而且乐于助人,她对自己的学习和工作都严格要求,为我们树立了好榜样。
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
我的同桌是一个有时很活波有时很沉默的女孩, 她有着一双灵动的眼睛,乌黑亮丽的秀发,每天梳着马尾辫,整个看起来是很潇洒很帅的。
My deskmate is a sometimes very lively, sometimes very quiet girl, she has a pair of smart eyes, dark beautiful hair, every day with a ponytail, the whole looks very smart, very handsome.
她的成绩不错,但是比起我来嘛,嘿嘿,还是差了一点点,我希望我可以帮助她把成绩提升上来, 尤其是英语,现在我和她的英语成绩都很差,我现在是堪堪及格,她是不及格。我常常教她读英语课文,因为她有很多单词不会读,所以我们俩个一起读英语课文,每次读的时候我都刻意的放慢了速度,怕她觉的自己不会读而自卑。
Her grades are good, but to me, hey, just a little bit, I hope I can help her grades up, especially English, now I and her English is very poor, I am now Campbell failed, she is failing. I used to teach her to read the English text, because she has not read a lot of words, so the two of us together to read the English text, each time I have deliberately slowed down, afraid she cant read and feel inferior.
我喜欢看书,画画,唱歌,写小说,她也和我一样,我们有同样的兴趣。刚开始和她做同桌,看着她画画,我觉的好惭愧,因为她画的画比我画的好了太多太多了,不过,在后来我把重心放在画画上之后,我的画画技术堪堪比得上她了。
I like reading books, drawing pictures, singing songs, writing novels, and she is like me. We have the same interest. Just started doing table with her, watching her painting, I feel ashamed, because of her paintings than I painted too much too much, but when I focus on painting, my painting technique can comparable to her.
总而言之,言而总之,我和我的同桌有很多相似之处和相同的兴趣和爱好,我很喜欢我的同桌,我们会成为一对死党。
In short, in a word, my deskmate and I have a lot of similarities and the same interests and hobbies, I very love my deskmate, we will become a friend of.
Dear friend,
I’m Sweet He, very glad to write letter to you! I hope we can make friends with each other. I’m 19 years old and my sign of the Zodiac is dog. How old are you? My hometown is a fascinating palace, which is located in the north of china. My hometown, Shan xi, is famous for its abundant coal resources. Beijing is my second hometown; I will study here four years at least. Beijing is the capital of China, which has rich cultural heritage. Where is your hometown? And how about your hometown?
I’m an outgoing and friendly girl, in fact , I’m crazy sometimes. I have lot’s of habits, such as singing, dancing, running, playing badminton, and so on. What kinds of sports do you like?I’m a house female and I like watching Korean dramas and comedy movie. What kinds of movie do you like?Thriller, action or comedy? I think pink is the most beautiful color in the world, and I hope I can have a house in the future, which is decorated by pink things. Can you imagine the scene? What’s your favorite color? And do you have a dream about future?
That’s all about mine. I’m eager to know about you. Please write to me soon and reply my questions which are referred to in the letter. Thank you!
Yours
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