导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
我们的`青春就像命运恩赐的一枚青涩的果子,我们迫不及待地塞进嘴里,却酸涩得流下泪来,无可救赎。青春,是一本太仓促的书。
常去的书城,一转角,遇上小学同学的几率是万分之一吧,就那么巧,我碰见了余珉瑶。
我们坐在茶吧里,点了两份奶昔,她放下书包,拿出一本辅导书在写。珉瑶说自己最近在学吉他,“呵,手指头有时都能被弦勒出痕来。”如果是我,我便不会有这毅力,我怕痛。几年前,我报了跆拳道班,只不过试学几天,便直不起腰了,更不用说脚背一阵一阵的生疼,我的跆拳道生涯便在我的哭声中落下帷幕。“只是觉得谭杰希能把吉他弹那么有劲、那么帅,便有了一股学到底的干劲呢。我还年轻,可以多尝试、多追求自己所向往的东西。”珉瑶说道,又拿出了好几本辅导书,她的包还是鼓鼓的。“学习压力重吗?”我疑惑地看着她迅速的填满书上的空白。
“呵。”她的微笑有些僵硬,只是叹了口气,轻描淡写的一句“还好吧。”
直到我们走出茶吧,她终究是说了,“当初曾经说要在一起的朋友,勾勾手说永远的时光,到现在好像有些苍白。”这与学习压力有什么关系?我看向她。“以前背地里说句谁的坏话,朋友的那句‘不跟你好了’好像有些幼稚呢。与现在比,与她们有话掖着比,那些都显得万分珍贵。”我下意识地点头。“没有朋友,一个人在角落里学习,就像平行线永不交集那般孤单……小学的时候,我并未付出多少,却有很多奖状、有好成绩,连上下学都有人陪着……现在想想,当时对那一切的不屑多么可笑!”她摇着头,低下了眼眸,看不出喜怒。“没有老师关注,没有优秀的成绩。突然想挽回曾经那一切,可是再努力也没有收获,于是更着急去付出。可是,可是,遥遥无期的感觉太过痛苦,每日活在痛苦之中,我也变成令人讨厌的人……”于是,我明白,这便是压力了。她不过换了一个角度讲述。
我们去买了很多吃食,在一家店里看见一个男孩子在哭泣,只不过为了一根棒棒糖。我对珉瑶说,“我嫉妒他。”
向大人撒娇的年龄已经过了,赌气和朋友闹别扭的时光不复返了,青春的列车将往何处停靠?
余珉瑶看着我的双眼,笑了。
我望向天空,天上的浮云那么遥远,那么自由。我渴望是浮云之一。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
我们的青春就像命运恩赐的一枚青涩的果子,我们迫不及待地塞进嘴里,却酸涩得流下泪来,无可救赎。青春,是一本太仓促的书。
常去的书城,一转角,遇上小学同学的几率是万分之一吧,就那么巧,我碰见了余珉瑶。
我们坐在茶吧里,点了两份奶昔,她放下书包,拿出一本辅导书在写。珉瑶说自己最近在学吉他,“呵,手指头有时都能被弦勒出痕来。”如果是我,我便不会有这毅力,我怕痛。几年前,我报了跆拳道班,只不过试学几天,便直不起腰了,更不用说脚背一阵一阵的生疼,我的跆拳道生涯便在我的哭声中落下帷幕。“只是觉得谭杰希能把吉他弹那么有劲、那么帅,便有了一股学到底的干劲呢。我还年轻,可以多尝试、多追求自己所向往的东西。”珉瑶说道,又拿出了好几本辅导书,她的包还是鼓鼓的。“学习压力重吗?”我疑惑地看着她迅速的填满书上的空白。
“呵。”她的微笑有些僵硬,只是叹了口气,轻描淡写的一句“还好吧。”
直到我们走出茶吧,她终究是说了,“当初曾经说要在一起的朋友,勾勾手说永远的时光,到现在好像有些苍白。”这与学习压力有什么关系?我看向她。“以前背地里说句谁的坏话,朋友的那句‘不跟你好了’好像有些幼稚呢。与现在比,与她们有话掖着比,那些都显得万分珍贵。”我下意识地点头。“没有朋友,一个人在角落里学习,就像平行线永不交集那般孤单……小学的时候,我并未付出多少,却有很多奖状、有好成绩,连上下学都有人陪着……现在想想,当时对那一切的不屑多么可笑!”她摇着头,低下了眼眸,看不出喜怒。“没有老师关注,没有优秀的成绩。突然想挽回曾经那一切,可是再努力也没有收获,于是更着急去付出。可是,可是,遥遥无期的感觉太过痛苦,每日活在痛苦之中,我也变成令人讨厌的人……”于是,我明白,这便是压力了。她不过换了一个角度讲述。
我们去买了很多吃食,在一家店里看见一个男孩子在哭泣,只不过为了一根棒棒糖。我对珉瑶说,“我嫉妒他。”
向大人撒娇的年龄已经过了,赌气和朋友闹别扭的时光不复返了,青春的列车将往何处停靠?
余珉瑶看着我的双眼,笑了。
我望向天空,天上的.浮云那么遥远,那么自由。我渴望是浮云之一。
青春,是早起升起的朝霞中最炫丽的一色,是茫茫大海中最晶亮的一滴,是满山青草中最具生机的一簇。
孩子是终究要离开笼子的鸟,每一位父母,每一个家庭,都只是孩子暂时的避风港,要远征的船,是始终要出海的,要经历的风浪,是终究无法避免的。人生的许多路,许多暗夜,只能自己去面对,孩子的一生,父母无法去替代、去承担。
我的青春我做主,爸爸妈妈,请舍去你们的溺爱,让你们的儿女在挫折的道路中闯荡,作为90后的孩子,时代给予我们太多的机会,让我们勇敢地脱下包袱,着一身轻装奋力前行,尽管道路充满荆棘、充满沟壑、充满暗夜,但我们不怕,青春的力量能化解一切灾难,青春的力量能迎接各种挑战。
虽然在这个大环境里,我们没有理由说不,课业负担,太重,太重,太重……
看不完的,是书。
听不完的,是唠叨。
怕不完的,是成绩单。
做不完的,是各科作业。
青春也要怀着积极的态度去迎接的选拔,毕竟学习也是为了更好的生活,考试只是选拔人才的重要手段。
我的青春勇气,在生活中,我们要新颖,要多变,张扬自己的个性,让生活之水沸腾,我们要规范,要稳定,要内敛自己的浮躁,在坎坷面前心如止水,在青春中,用内敛和张扬来表达我们的爱,一滴水也足以让大海翻滚,一枯草也会让青山黯然。别忘了张扬,也别忘了内敛,青春的道路中不会一帆风顺,既然选择了青春自己做主,就必须有非凡的思辨能力,把一切都放在脚下。
我的青春勇气,我的路,既然选择了,便会一直延伸,没有终点。
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