亲爱的同学们,你们正处在打基础的阶段,希望你们严格遵守学校的规章制度,养成认真听课的好习惯。听好课是吃正餐,利用课余时间去补课则是吃零食,课余时间长时间去补课既疲惫辛苦,收效也不会很明显,是典型的捡了芝麻丢了西瓜,要把课堂当成提高成绩的主渠道。要养成不懂就问、敢于质疑的`好习惯。
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
Sperber和Wilson主张用“关联原则”来解释人类的交际。他们认为,语言交际是一个认知过程,交际双方之所以能够配合默契,是因为有一个最佳的认知模式,即“关联”。关联由两个因素决定:语境效果和心智努力。人类认知活动的目标就是在认知过程中力图以最小的心智努力获得最大的语境效果。为了达到这个目标,人们必须把注意力集中于最为“关联”的信息,以获取信息和语境的最佳关联。最佳关联是指在话语理解时以一定的心智努力获得足够的语境效果。
交际是否成功关键在于人对事物之间的联系或关联的认识。人类在认知过程中往往以最大关联为取向,但在实际交际过程中我们只能期待产生一个最佳关联,即听者在理解话语时用最小的认知努力获得足够的语境效果,并以交际为取向。关联理论认为语境是一个在互动过程中为了正确理解话语而存在于人们大脑中的一系列假设,所以关联理论的语境不限于现实环境中的情景或话语本身的语境,交际中的语境不是固定不变的,而是动态的。而最佳的语境效果是由明示——推理模式提供的。明示,即说话人明白无误地表达出自己的意图;推理,即听话人从说话人提供的信息中推断出说话人暗含的意图。其中,听话人的推理是理解话语的核心,而关联则是听话人推理的基础。对话语进行推理就是在话语与语境假设之间寻找一种关联,关联选取得当就会获得足够的语境效果,有了语境效果,就能正确理解话语,使交际获得成功。
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