也称“起首语”,是对收信人的称呼。称呼要在信纸第一行顶格写起,后加“:”,冒号后不再写字。称呼和署名要对应,明确自我和收信人的关系。(具体可参见第四编《应酬称谓》称呼可用姓名、称谓,还可加修饰语或直接用修饰语作称呼。那里简要说明几条细则:
(1给长辈的信。若是近亲,就只写称谓,不写名字,如“爸”、“妈”、“哥”、“嫂”等;亲戚关系的,就写关系的称谓,如“姨妈”、“姑妈”等。对非近亲的长辈,可在称谓前加名或姓,如“赵阿姨”、“黄叔叔”等。
(2给平辈的信。夫妻或恋爱关系,可直接用对方名字,爱称加修饰语或直接用修饰语,如“丽”、“敏华”、“亲爱的”等;同学、同乡、同事、朋友的信,可直接用名字、昵称或加上“同学”、“同志”,如“瑞生”、“老纪”、“小邹”、“三毛”等。
(3给晚辈的信。一般直接写名字,如“乐毅”、“君平”、“阿明”等;也可在名字后加上辈分称谓,如“李花侄女”等;亦可直接用称谓作称呼,如“孙女”、“儿子”等。
(4给师长的信,通常只写其性或其名,再加“老师”二字,如“段老师”、“周师傅”、“宏海老师”等。对于十分熟悉的师长,也可单称“老师”、“师傅”。假如连名带姓,在信首直称“孙松平老师”、“王达夫师傅”,就显得不大自然且欠恭敬。对于学有专长、德高望重的师长,往往在姓后加一“老”字,以示尊重,如“戴老”、“周老”,亦可在姓名后加“先生”二字。为郑重起见,也有以职务相称的,如“董教授”、“陈大夫”、“佟工程师”等。
(5给一个单位或几个人的信,又不指定姓名的,可写“同志们”、“诸位先生”、“XX等同志”等。给机关团体的信,可直接写机关团体名称。如“XX委员会”、“XX公司”。致机关团体***的信,可直接用姓名,加上“同志”、“先生”或职务作称呼,亦可直接在机关团体称呼之后加上“领导同志”、“负责同志”、“总经理”、“厂长”等。
如果信是同时写给两个人的,两个称呼应上下并排在一齐,也可一前一后,尊长者在前。
上述五种场合,有时还可按特殊对象,视状况加上“尊敬的”、“敬爱的”、“亲爱的”等形容词,以表示敬重或亲密之情。当然,这要用得适宜,如对好友称“尊敬的”,反而显得见外,对无特殊关系的年轻女性贸然称呼“亲爱的”,那就有失检点了。
一杆桅,刚降下暮春的轻烟残月,又升起了霜秋的白荻劲风……
岁月在轮回,人生在飘逝,我们驾一叶扁舟于江渚之上,寻觅所谓的幸福。
茫茫中华史,从未忘记幸福的存在。有过去、有现在、还有未来。刘邦是幸福的,因为他胜利了;武则天是幸福的,因为她执政了;杨国忠是幸福的,因为他有权了。然而,项羽是痛苦的,因为他失去了;李氏宗族是痛苦的,因为它遭弃了;李白是痛苦的,因为朝野乱了,于是,时间在追问历史:“何为幸福?”我追着时间在后现代的荒原上呐喊:“幸福在于自己的心!”
世界万象,无所不有。幸福,只有用心而且懂得去接受的人才能幸福。有些事,就像哈哈镜与玉面镜的结合,从这面看,很好看,另一面,丑死了。给一个选择的机会,你是选好看的一面还是丑的一面?幸福在于自己的把握,或者,你对着丑的.一面时万般痛苦,忘记了翻过来,于是,幸福与你只是一镜之隔,却隔若汪洋。有些人注定是幸福的,因为他们看这样的镜子会翻看不同的一面,于是,幸福属于了他们。
贝多芬就是一位懂得看镜子的人。当有人问他:是否为失聪而痛苦,他说:“没有,我很幸福!因为我仅仅失去六分之一!”除了耳,我们还有眼、鼻、嘴、手、脚,六分之一,这就是贝多芬幸福的概念。
幸福,只是“塞翁失马”,要懂“焉知非福”的道理。
求幸福,就要有阿Q的精神。鲁迅先生笔下的阿Q,是一个极具讽刺意义的人。然而,今天的我们,为求幸福,把阿Q作为一种榜样。原来,阿Q也是幸福的。
面对已知的死亡,我们是恐惧,还是坦然?尼克松在知晓自己得癌症以后,他对死的定义是:酒吧打烂时我就离开!这也是一个“阿Q”,一个美国版“阿Q”。所以,在余留的生命中,他依然很幸福。
幸福,不能定义,幸福与快乐就是一种思维方式。选择了正确的思维方式,你就选择了幸福快乐。
千年的余辉摇曳那些花季,飘落那些雨季。我们不妨把或深或浅的记忆放进日记,把或多或少的往事交给岁月。选择一种正确的思维方式,不再因外界的风声鹤唳而瑟瑟发抖,不再因世间的荣辱得失而锱铢必较,不再因生命的瞬忽飘逝而惆怅莫名——人生因此快乐、因此幸福!
Dear Frank,
How is everything going? I have been in America for a month as an exchange student. I am now staying at Mrs. White’s. She is said to be in her forties but looks very young and attractive. She is of normal height, with a slender figure, blond hair and big blue eyes.
Mrs. White shows a keen interest in everything about China, especially its culture and places of interest. She has a large collection of items that have to do with China, such as books videos, tea, artworks, and so on. She asks me so many questions about my country that sometimes I have to consult my friends to give satisfactory answers.
Mrs. White is kind and outgoing and she usually wears a smile on her face. We are getting along very well with each other. She takes me out to local places every weekend and if you come here, I will be your guide.
Look forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
“You always say that I am naive. In your eyes, I am always the little girl who will never grow up”. This is my favorite song and also the sound from the bottom of my heart. You made me feel so lucky to be your child. But I find our hearts getting further apart as time goes by.
You strictly forbid me to do entertaining activities even if I finished my homework, such as watching TV or playing computer games. Based on this, I couldn’t get any grade less than A. It is said that genius only means hard-working all one’s life. But I think combining exertion is the best way for learning.
The most important thing to me was that I feel frustrated for having few friends to confide in due to your strict rules. I can’t have a play date, participate in a school play or even choose my own extracurricular activities. Who will accept such a boring and troublesome person? I am just an ordinary girl who can’t stand loneliness, so I always feel contradictory.
On the one hand, I’m grateful to have you in my life, to disappoint you was the least I would do. On the other hand, what you asked for me made me felt like a puppet rather than a real person. I appreciated your efforts to pull me away from a self-indulgent life, but your obsessively extravagant strictness has pushed me into an isolated and insensible one. I need a little freedom so that I will concentrate on something I really interested in.
Father and mother, these words were hid in my deep heart for a long time. I love you, and I believe if you change some harsh rules. I will have a wonderful life.
Best wishes.
Yours, daughter
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