1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
曾以为时间只是停留在日历上的数字,用这短暂、普通甚至乏味的时间修炼,是远没有意义的。
可我感觉自己错了:修炼自己并非纸上谈兵。我读过一句话,出自《当世界年纪还小的时候》——“洋葱,萝卜和西红柿不相信世界上有南瓜这种东西,它们认为那只是一种空想。南瓜不说话,只是默默生长着。”南瓜的行为又何尝不是一种修炼自我呢?当众人一再质疑时,它不与他们争论,只是默默生长,用实际的成果回应它们,这才是最有力的。这是一种内心强大的表现。当洋葱,萝卜和西红柿看到隐在瓜地中的一抹明黄时,瞬间面如死灰。而南瓜的自我修炼是我们每个人都要有的不是吗?内心强大的人才是真正强大。当强大到一种程度时,便可成为“软盔甲”,既不会不近人情,也不会过度封闭。到这时,全身都会散发出一种气质,一种个人魅力。
抛开一些纷扰,去真正追求自己内心的不羁也是一种修炼。但这种修炼并不是随性的,而是以心理强大作为基础,克己复礼才能实现的。我有一位朋友,她家境不好,家庭关系也乱七八糟。我曾多次与她聊起她的感受。她每次都是笑着的,仿佛着一切并没有什么大不了,她只是说:“家庭不和又怎么样?我照样可以活出自己的精彩。”我有些惊讶,也许,她的内心已十分强大,并且可以用乐观的心态面对。她的心理早已修炼得比一般孩子都要成熟。这不也是一种蜕变的结果吗?从一个不谙世事的女孩成长为一个成熟的少女。她变得更加优秀。朋友们丝毫没有排斥她,相反她的人缘出奇的好,我认为这也是一种自我修炼所带来的,乐观向上的积极态度给了她一把金钥匙。朋友不请自来。
修炼自己吧,可能过程会很艰辛,但是自己成为自己想成为的那样,会有无尽的快乐。充实自己,修炼自己,这便是我要对自己说的了。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
跌跌撞撞,淡抹生活的记忆…
——题记
点滴的生活记忆里,坎坎坷坷的磨难,都是生命的见证。
温馨的生活中,终会有那么一些刻骨铭心,那么一些记忆犹新,那么一些痛心的片段。也许也说明了生活,没有十全十美的,总会有那么一些缺陷。
生命的开端,的确很美很美。生命的过程,却更加的美丽!
金色的童年里,有说不尽的快乐;绚丽的青春里,有谈不尽话题;迷茫的未来,有望不尽的风景、
绚丽的青春,最美丽的季节。美丽的季节也有凋零的落叶,绚丽的青春也少不了挫折!
在无知的童年跨进了青春的季节里,总有很多很多的向往,但是一阵风,一场雨,却让充满向往的人,倒退到了起点。
幸福的歌声中,透出了悲凉;幸福的微笑里,落出了泪水;幸福的旅程里,迷失了方向。有那么一丝丝的可笑吧?既然说是幸福,为什么还有悲凉,还有泪水,甚至迷失了方向?
淡抹那一丝丝的可笑,走进绚丽青春的泪水
划过的记忆里,有着一些不可思议,有着一些意料之外,有着一下莫名其妙。但是却看到了许多梦境的现实。
学会了品味生活的甜的那一刻,就应该接受生活的苦。
学会去接受每一次失败,而不是逃避,那么日积月累的,你便会发现生活很美,青春的生活真的很美,有它的青春生活更加美
当我们扬起风帆的时候,太阳也蹦出了地平线了。我们在海中航行,突然有一天,乌云密布,雷声轰隆,浪花击打着船,大风吹击这帆,整只船变得飘摇不定的时候,心里也有一种恐惧感油然而生了、或许下一秒的时候,帆船已经颠覆了,沉进了海底,最终遗失了一切了!但是凡事都是有可能性的,也许在下秒,雨停了,风停了,云散了,太阳重新升起了。所以在挫折中,要找到生存的希望,阳光就会洒落在你的身上。
当说到这里,突然想起了那首歌------《阳光总在风雨后》
在心中唱着,念着阳光总在风雨后,下一刻就会看到彩虹了。
为什么有些人可以享受成功的果实呢?难道就没有,就不用经历风雨么?那是错的,成功的人只是比失败的人多坚持了一秒钟,多忍耐了一秒钟,多给自己一些自信,多走了一步路。面对挫折,失败的人,只是少了一分自信,少了一分相信。
春天的`花之所以开的灿烂,是因为它顺利度过了严冬的考验。微笑的人会流下眼泪,是因为感动;的歌会有悲凉是因为有回忆;的路程,原本很幸福,但是少了意志力,所以遗失了方向、
幸福、乐的概念,只有在挫折中才回找到更好的答案!!
不害怕跌倒,只怕没有信心站起来。没关系,慢慢来,慢慢说服自己:“我要站起来”
今天的我们,是逆风而行,明天的我们将会一帆风顺。经历过挫折的人生才不会显得空洞,才不会显得单调,才不会显得朴素!
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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