四级真题作文要写正反面吗【一】
综上所述，归纳法与反面假设法的运用有一定的规律和方略。归纳法过程用公式可以概括为：“列举事例—内在联系—归纳出共同点”，在运用归纳法时，要注意：
（1）归纳论证必须有若干事例；
（2）归纳论证必须有结论；
（3）事例、观点、结论要一致；
（4）事例之后，必须正确揭示出他们之间的内在联系；反面假设过程可以用公式概括为：
列举若干事例—反面假设—结论，推断事例符合中心论点，在运用反面假设法时，要注意：
（1）前后形成对照；
（2）句式比较整齐；
（3）结尾要有推断、总结论，一般采用因果式；
（4）“设问 对比 反面论证 结论”。
归纳论证法与反面假设法是议论文论证方法上较高层级的论证方法。要很好地把握这两种方法，我们需要平时多练习，并且学会和其他论证方法综合运用。
四级真题作文要写正反面吗【二】
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先，提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段：提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段：正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段：摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次，提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性，连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity：段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛，也不可太具体，做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明，另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence：关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰，层层展开。
完整性(completeness：以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头，这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次，提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型：It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单，注意练习并接句的使用，会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as，如：
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头，句式简单，我们可以通过把since提前改变句式，如：
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后，提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法：millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论，辩论”的意思，而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.，相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略：使用最近所学的单词，如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后，我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文，以供参考：
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
四级真题作文要写正反面吗【三】
议论文 归纳法 反面假设法当年话题作文的出现，在很大程度上放飞了学生写作的思维。但它也直接导致一些所谓的“软文章”大量地出现在学生作文里。这类文章无物、无情、无力。情因事而生，力因论而强。中学生还是应当写一些规范的记叙文和议论文。本文就试图从归纳论证法与反面假设法的角度探秘议论文的基本写作规律。
四级真题作文要写正反面吗【四】
阅读几个议论片段，想想其运用假设论证是否恰当。
（1）洛克菲勒为了提升企业竞争力，不顾年老体衰，走遍世界各地寻找石油资源；比尔·盖茨为了提高企业竞争力，将公司的一半资金用于新技术研发；陈景润为了摘取“皇冠上的明珠”，整日沉浸在数学符号的海洋中；袁隆平为了更好地解决人类的生存，每日奔波于稻田和实验室。试想，如果没有竞争，企业就发展不起来，洛克菲勒、比尔·盖茨们根本不需要建立那么大规模的公司；如果没有竞争，科学家就不必没日没夜待在实验室中。 对照前面的规律，我们可以看出，此段缺少了结论，因此，要在（1）结尾要有推论，一般采用因果式。
（2）近墨者未必黑。满塘淤泥，黑否？黑。然而莲花“濯清涟而不妖”，“出淤泥而不染”。“乌鹊燕雀巢堂坛兮”的楚国，黑否？黑。然而屈原却“皭然泥而不滓”，“举世混浊而我独清”。“文官爱钱，武官怕死”的封建王朝，黑否？黑。然而于谦却“两袖清风朝天去”，“留得清白在人间”。
试想，如果真的近墨者黑，那么，从“声波满堂”中，就不会站起一个“留取丹心照汗青”的民族英雄；在锦衣玉食中，就不会走出一个“为国牺牲敢惜身”的巾帼女侠；从封建营垒中，就不会走出一个高举海陆丰大旗的彭湃。
从个人的思想表现来看，作为个体的人都有主观能动性，外因必须通过内因起作用，从这个意义上说，出污泥而不染是完全可能的。因此，我说：近墨者未必黑。
通过分析，我们得知本段的结构是：首先提出观点，其次列举事例，再次反面假设，最后得出结论。其中论据的操作是采用了“设问，肯定回答——然而，??却??”这样一种句式，这样就使论证深入一步。由此，本段思路可以概括为：设问 对比 反面论证 结论。其实这是在反面假设法的基础上更提升一步的论证方法，这种方法往往能产生强烈的抒情效果，达到充分说理的论证目的。
四级真题作文要写正反面吗【五】
Dear Mary,
You said in your letter that many of your classmates wore fashionableclothes, but you couldn\'t afford them so you felt very depressed. There are dif-ferent views on people\'s clothes. The followings are my ideas:
Firstly, you shouldn\'t put too much emphasis on physical appearance.
Remember that the most important task for you today is to concentrate on yourstudies. No matter what you wear, you will really look your best when youcome out first in your examinations.
Secondly, you should understand that it is a fine virtue to live in fru-gality. Just as a famous saying goes, Frugality is the mother of virtue.
Since your family can\'t provide you with enough money to buy fashionableclothes, it is all the more necessary for you to try to lighten the financialburden of your family. And you will find the virtue of frugality benefit youa lot in your future life.
I hope you understand what I mean. Hope you will take a positive attitudetowards life and will be happy again when you read my letter.
Yours,
Anne
