小作文事件全过程框架 - 学习作文网

小作文事件全过程框架【一】

[1]Halliday，M. A. K.Language as Social Semiotic[M]. London: Arnold，1978.

[2]胡壮麟，姜望其.语言学教程[M]. 北京大学出版社，2001.

[3]Halliday，M. A. K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M]. 外语教学与研究出版社;Edward Arnold（ Publishers） Limited，2000.（2011）08-0000-00

小作文事件全过程框架【二】

（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.

（2）利弊型的`议论文

Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目

______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.

To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

（3）答题性议论文

Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a

number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.

（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）

A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.

Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题

_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题

into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.

( 3 答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern

( 4 谚语警句性议论文

语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically

______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语

_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..

★★★图表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to

show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned,

I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

小作文事件全过程框架【三】

作为当今最有影响力之一的语言学理论，功能语法以社会学为导向，着重语言的功能性研究。其创始人韩礼德从儿童和成人的语言学习角度将语言功能高度理论化。根据韩的观点，儿童所使用的最原始的语言能够被简概为一套高度编码且抽象的功能，其中包含三个元功能（纯理功能）：概念功能（ideational function），人际功能（interpersonal function）以及语篇功能（textualfunction）[1]。概念功能进一步被细化为和逻辑功能，表述在我们周围及自身所发生的事情，称之为“内容（content）”。概念功能通过及物性（transitivity）来实现，及物性由六个过程组成，即物质过程，心理过程，关系过程，行为过程，言语过程和存在过程。

功能语法把用来表达一系列概念意义，抽象和具体的外部世界，以及人的意识过程的结构单位叫做小句（clause），即句子或类似句子结构的统称。一个小句包含三个功能成份：过程（process），参与者（participant），和环境（circumstantials）。其中主要成份过程代表事件或状态，参与者即从时间，地点，方式等各个层面参与的人或事功能语法，而具体的参与者功能取决于过程类型。语言的及物性和作格性能够帮助将过程进行归类，及物性把经验世界看作是一套可控的过程模式。简而言之，及物性是与概念元功能相一致的小句语法，及物性分析能够定义不同的过程类型并由此决定过程的参与者，从而明确过程与参与者之间的逻辑关系[2]。

在韩提出的六个过程中，物质，心理和关系过程是最主要的。他们作为经验理论，是语法的奠基石，呈现三种截然不同的结构，是篇章中所有小句的主体。同时，韩提出了一个假设，这三个过程在整个语言中的分布频率大致平衡。然而，他自己也承认，此理论未经证实[3]。韩礼德用来阐释六个过程的小句皆为简短且相互独立无关联的句子，而此后的相关过程模式研究也仅仅探究了口头语篇或主观自创的例句cssci期刊目录。

小作文事件全过程框架【四】

有人认为享受富裕的生活就是一种快乐，有人认为取得事业的成功就是一种快乐，而我则认为享受一段美妙或艰苦的过程才是最大的幸福。

宋濂“缊袍敞衣出其间”却没有任何羡慕之意，就是因为他心中有足以感到快乐的事情：艰苦的求学过程则是他快乐的根本。人渴望享受，而享受的不仅仅是成功的结果，

也应该是艰苦的过程。古代著名的旅行家徐霞客喜欢游览名山大川，他的徒步旅行遇到过多少艰难险阻，但他从未放弃，他所喜爱的就是这段艰苦旅行的过程。

生命其实就是一段旅行，充满了泥泞坎坷，充满了欢笑与掌声。有人因前途一路顺风，就畏缩不前，于是生命之花便凋谢枯萎，这就是他不懂得享受艰苦的历险；有人因一帆风顺而忘乎所以。忘记了前行，于是生命的激情便慢慢熄灭，这就是因为他在享受满足逐渐沉弱。享受过程而不是迷失方向，不在鲜花和掌声中丧失前进的动力，生命之花才会不断开放。

过程就好比是一朵含苞欲放的花，在春风中绽放生命，人后零落成泥，清香如故。它萌发过，拼搏过，辉煌过也凋谢过。而我们也应如此，无悔的前进，不管自己面对的是成功还是失败，我们都应该感到快乐：因为我们正享受着人生的过程。

满园春色，每一朵花，每一片叶，每一个穿梭其间的生灵，都享受着过程。

雪花飘舞，从我们目不能及的高空亲吻我们的肌肤，最后融于大地，进入一个新的轮回，这朵雪花无名，也许就是你，也许就是我。

小作文事件全过程框架【五】

关联理论强大的解释力为翻译研究提供了一个理论框架。在此框架下，从认知角度对翻译过程进行描写，把翻译过程看作是原者—译者—读者之间的两个交际过程，在动态语境中找出各种信息之间的最佳关联，对真实交际意图做作出推理，从而能够全面、科学的阐释话语理解，达到翻译这一交际的目的。

参考文献：

[1]Gutt，Ernst—August。Translation and Relevance：Cognition and Context[M]。Oxford：Blackwell，1991。

[2]Sperber，D。& Wilson，D。Relevance：Communication and Cognition[M]。Oxford： Blackwell，1986。

[3]苗兴伟。关联理论对语篇连贯性的解释[J]。外语教学与研究，1999，（3）。

[4]蒋坚松，黄振定。语言与翻译研究[M]。北京：中国社会科学出版社，2000。

[5]曾文雄。语用翻译学研究[M]。武汉：武汉大学出版社，2007。

小作文事件全过程框架【六】

如果你问我，什么是生命的要素，我会不假思索的回答道：“教训！”

生命因有教训而精彩，教训会教你如何面对人生，如何教你面对挫折。

一位船长，他带领的船总是那么一帆风顺。因此，他小看任何障碍物，他的船终于沉了。正因为他总是一帆风顺的，所以他轻视挫折，他一直处于顺境，一旦遇带逆境的挫折，只会输。上帝对待每一个人都是平等的，他不会一直眷顾着一个人。在人生的海洋里，总会遇到风浪的，遇到风浪不要紧，重要的是与带风浪后积极面对的精神，这种精神是可贵的。更重要的是，不能轻视挫折。

一条鱼，因为贪欲食物而被捕，临死前他才明白：一个人如果抵挡不了贪欲的诱惑，那么就有死亡来迎接他。这正是他用死亡换来的教训！

一只鸟因为专做坏事，而受到惩罚，变成一只黑糊糊的乌鸦，她从中得到教训：做鸟要正直！

一只青蛙因轻信他的网友而差点被捕，他从中也得到了教训：不可以轻信任何人！

一颗沙子，他的伙伴奔向大海，变成了珍珠，而他却懒惰。他得到教训，奋力奔向大海，若干年后成了人类发现的珍珠中最夺目的一颗。

……

有人说，人生要有失败才会有成功，但是有了失败不吸取教训，也不会成功的。所以，人生要有教训才会有成功。教训会伴你一同铲除人生道路上的障碍物。

教训，也是一种享受！