煎熬成就美味的作文框架【一】
Dan Sperber和Deirdre Wilson的关联理论是在H。P。Grice的交际理论与会话含意理论的基础上发展起来的，他们合着的《关联性：交际与认知》一书中对其有很精辟的阐述。关联理论作为认知语言学一个理论给西方语用学界带来了极大影响。它将关注的核心投到人类交际与话语理解方面，其影响力已超出了语用学领域，延伸到翻译领域。因为自然语言中的每个话语都可以有多种理解，要正确的理解自然语言，就必须通过语境来寻找信息的关联，然后根据话语和语境的关联进行推理。而翻译中为达到语用等效，其前提正是正确地理解自然语言。因此，关联理论就成为可以指导翻译的语用翻译理论。
煎熬成就美味的作文框架【二】
老师清了清嗓子说：“今天我们搞一个模仿秀的游戏。”大家听到“游戏”两个字，异常的兴奋和激动，我也不列外。老师宣布了游戏的规则后，还说模仿好一个动作后要保持两分钟。我心里暗想：“不就两分钟吗？太快了，没问题。小kiss。”又说到游戏名字是木头人时，我说：“切，那么小儿科的游戏还拿来我们做，是不是太幼稚了？”话音刚落，老师一声令下：“计时开始，不能说话，不能动……”顿时教室里鸦雀无声。我自信满满地将两只手放在头顶上。左脚轻轻地抬离了地面，就像一只瘸腿“小兔子”。
“一秒、两秒、三秒、四秒……”我心里不停数着，可时间就像凝固了一般，还不到十秒的时候，我的手臂开始酸胀，接下来腿也发抖了。渐渐的，手臂和腿都已经不听使唤了，由酸胀变得疼痛起来，整个身子都在摇晃，不能支撑的身体在开始痛苦的***了。“怎么办？放弃还是坚持？”我的脑海里在不停的斗争着。忽然，一个小天使说：“坚持住，我相信你一定可以做到的，加油！”突然来了一个小魔鬼也在说：“一个小游戏而已，干嘛这么认真，这么较劲儿了？”两种声音在我耳边停的响着。我经历一翻思想斗争，决定还是相信小天使的话，坚持下来。
时间慢慢的流逝，一分钟过去了。我的额头已经冒出大颗大颗的汗水，我的腿麻木了，身子剧烈的晃动了一下。“怎么了？就坚持不下了吗？”小天使又在耳畔说道，“难道你就真的打算放弃了吗？其他同学都还在坚持哦？你不会就被这两分钟打败了吧，之前你不是说没问题，小kiss的.嘛……”听了小天使的话，我在心里给自己不断的加油、打气，顿时觉得全身充满了力量，腿也有劲起来了。就这样好像熬了三秋，在我吊着的一只脚快要挨到地时，老师一声令下“时间到。”全班哗然，如释重负一般瘫坐在了板凳上。放松2分钟后，只听“耶、耶、耶”，“我成功了”，“成功了”……
通过这件事我明白了，两分钟其实有时并不算什么，但是在一定的情况下有时它还是很强大的，非常考验一个人的毅力、耐力。这让我们懂得了：对待任何一件小事情都不能够小瞧，随时都要有一种持之以恒，锲而不舍的精神，不能半途而废，才能够取得成功。
煎熬成就美味的作文框架【三】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
煎熬成就美味的作文框架【四】
Sperber和Wilson主张用“关联原则”来解释人类的交际。他们认为，语言交际是一个认知过程，交际双方之所以能够配合默契，是因为有一个最佳的认知模式，即“关联”。关联由两个因素决定：语境效果和心智努力。人类认知活动的目标就是在认知过程中力图以最小的心智努力获得最大的语境效果。为了达到这个目标，人们必须把注意力集中于最为“关联”的信息，以获取信息和语境的最佳关联。最佳关联是指在话语理解时以一定的心智努力获得足够的语境效果。
交际是否成功关键在于人对事物之间的联系或关联的认识。人类在认知过程中往往以最大关联为取向，但在实际交际过程中我们只能期待产生一个最佳关联，即听者在理解话语时用最小的认知努力获得足够的语境效果，并以交际为取向。关联理论认为语境是一个在互动过程中为了正确理解话语而存在于人们大脑中的一系列假设，所以关联理论的语境不限于现实环境中的情景或话语本身的语境，交际中的语境不是固定不变的，而是动态的。而最佳的语境效果是由明示——推理模式提供的。明示，即说话人明白无误地表达出自己的意图；推理，即听话人从说话人提供的信息中推断出说话人暗含的意图。其中，听话人的推理是理解话语的核心，而关联则是听话人推理的基础。对话语进行推理就是在话语与语境假设之间寻找一种关联，关联选取得当就会获得足够的语境效果，有了语境效果，就能正确理解话语，使交际获得成功。
