二十年后,正在美国搞科研的我,回到了家乡——修水县。家乡的每条马路两旁都种上了桂花树,站在高楼放眼望去,形成了一片片“小树林”。
回到阔别已久的老河口,当然要先去母亲河——修江河那里啦!
来到马家州公园,那里鸟语花香,绿树成荫,那里的空气格外清新,让人忍不住多吸几口,树木长得很高大了,因此,只要在滨江公园范围内,都感觉不到一丝热意,下了台阶,一股海腥味扑鼻而来,汉江河中小鱼不时跃出水面,还有一些小鱼躲在水底吹泡泡;有一些海藻在水面上漂浮着,使水更加青绿,不知不觉中,我走到了尽头,那里有许多孩子在捡垃圾,他们一个个挥汗如雨,累的气喘吁吁,可他们一点也不在乎,不到一会他们就捡完了,这些孩子真配得上“环保小卫士”这个称号。
连小孩子都可以成为一名合格的环保小卫士,而许多成人却不能,真让人汗颜!
为了我们的家园更美好,争做环保小卫士!
“You always say that I am naive. In your eyes, I am always the little girl who will never grow up”. This is my favorite song and also the sound from the bottom of my heart. You made me feel so lucky to be your child. But I find our hearts getting further apart as time goes by.
You strictly forbid me to do entertaining activities even if I finished my homework, such as watching TV or playing computer games. Based on this, I couldn’t get any grade less than A. It is said that genius only means hard-working all one’s life. But I think combining exertion is the best way for learning.
The most important thing to me was that I feel frustrated for having few friends to confide in due to your strict rules. I can’t have a play date, participate in a school play or even choose my own extracurricular activities. Who will accept such a boring and troublesome person? I am just an ordinary girl who can’t stand loneliness, so I always feel contradictory.
On the one hand, I’m grateful to have you in my life, to disappoint you was the least I would do. On the other hand, what you asked for me made me felt like a puppet rather than a real person. I appreciated your efforts to pull me away from a self-indulgent life, but your obsessively extravagant strictness has pushed me into an isolated and insensible one. I need a little freedom so that I will concentrate on something I really interested in.
Father and mother, these words were hid in my deep heart for a long time. I love you, and I believe if you change some harsh rules. I will have a wonderful life.
Best wishes.
Yours, daughter
Dear Frank,
How is everything going? I have been in America for a month as an exchange student. I am now staying at Mrs. White’s. She is said to be in her forties but looks very young and attractive. She is of normal height, with a slender figure, blond hair and big blue eyes.
Mrs. White shows a keen interest in everything about China, especially its culture and places of interest. She has a large collection of items that have to do with China, such as books videos, tea, artworks, and so on. She asks me so many questions about my country that sometimes I have to consult my friends to give satisfactory answers.
Mrs. White is kind and outgoing and she usually wears a smile on her face. We are getting along very well with each other. She takes me out to local places every weekend and if you come here, I will be your guide.
Look forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
Dear Wang Hua,
How are you going on recently? I’m glad to tell you that I have planned to go to Zunyi Teachers’ College to study Chinese soon.Could you please give me some advice on how to learn Chinese well?
Write back soon.
Tom
中国的学生在英语课堂上往往比较“乖巧”。通常给中国学生上课,只是授课教师在唱“独角戏”,而在给留学生上汉语口语和听力课的时候,尤其德国、美国、英国、日本的学生们会比较踊跃,积极思考,主动提问,能够作到以学生为中心进行课堂讨论。
1.中国以教师为中心的课堂模式产生的主要原因
(1)英语教学的时间短,不够充分。英语直到20世纪70年代才引进到中国的课堂,至今也只有四十多年的教学历史。承担外语教学的教师多数都是在中国院校毕业,知识层次也不尽相同,又一直受到儒家传统思想的影响,因而教学手段略显呆板,教学氛围仍显凝滞,教师的权威仍显得至高无上。带着师生间的这种“等级”观念,学生不敢也不好意思与教师进行探讨。
(2)考试只要求分数,不需要讨论。参加高考上来的中国学生都知道英语是一门重要的学科,可高考时只需要分数,所以不曾练过口语。陕西省为了城市与农村考生之间的起点平等,也取消了高考的英语听力。因此,大多学生都只是会考试不会用英语交流,停留在“哑巴英语”阶段。上了大学,继续为了考试,疯狂地记单词、背句子。教师也不得不为考试而教学,再加上班级较大很难进行纯英文的讨论活动,只好教师扮演演讲者的角色,学生扮演听众的角色。
(3)按照统治阶级的意志办教育。学校秉承政府的安排,没有更多的自主办学权,只能认真地遵守规定,难以创新。
2.国外以学生为中心的课堂模式产生的主要原因
(1)由各国不同的教育理念而决定的。首先以美国的教育为例。第一,美国的教育是培养创造能力的教育,注重培养学生的批判性思维、独立思考的能力以及发现问题和解决问题的能力;第二,美国的教育注重培养学生灵活运用知识的能力,鼓励学生对知识的权威性进行质疑的能力;第三,美国的教育注重培养学生的自信、自主、自理的精神。同样,大多数英国大学在学生的培养和教育上更重视获取知识的方法的培养,而不是简单的知识输送。此外,英国大学的课堂教学提倡自主学习和调查实践,很多课程的导师都会在每堂课前给出相关的阅读书单,让学生提前进行阅读和思考。课堂教学一般分为两大部分,即讲座课环节和讨论课环节。学生们准备讨论的过程本身就是一个自主学习的过程。在这种启发式的讨论模式中,教师仅仅充当参与者的角色,更多的发言和表达机会都留给了学生。德国的教育之所以成功,是因为在实践中不断完善以人为本、以社会需求为导向的先进的教育理念。日本的父母从小就教育他们的子女凡事要先考虑别人,尽量不要麻烦别人,要独立,他们还注重“与他人协调”等有关群体教育的内容。日本父母很注重培养孩子独立自主的精神,很重视对孩子的挫折教育和创新教育。显而易见,中日两国的家长对子女适应环境的生存能力有着大相径庭的认识。
总之,美英德日国家在教育理念上有着共同的特点,那就是都看重培养学生独立自主、自力更生、积极创新的能力,因此学生在学习的过程中,相对来说,主观能动性要强一些,所以在课堂中常常是中心。
(2)与对知识与教育的重视程度以及国家经济发展状况紧密相关。美英德日等国家无疑对教育是非常重视的。这些国家对教育的高度重视体现在对教师的培养和选拔上,这些国家的经验值得我们借鉴。美国职业教育的快速发展,在根本上得益于其师资队伍的精干和优良,源于其对职教师资的入职严格把关。为确保师资质量,德国对职教师资实行严格的“入门把关”和“过程控制”。[3]当然,对教育的重视与一国的经济实力也是息息相关的,经济搞上去了,国家有钱了,自然就有资金支持教育的发展。
[1]刘妙丽:《论学生学习能力的培养》,《成都纺织高等专科学校学报》2003年第2期,第46-47页。
[2]彭鹏:《比较中外学生学习状况对我国高校学风建设的启示》,《价值工程》2010年第5期,第184-185页。
[3]王寿斌:《职教师资的培养和选拔:美德澳的经验与借鉴》,《教育与职业》2013年第12期,第106-107页。
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