班级姓名
Rewritethesentences.(注意大小写和标点)
e.g.Thisismydesk.→Isthisyourdesk?Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.
Thesearemypens.→Aretheseyourpens?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
1.Thisismyschoolbag.(肯定回答)
2.Thesearemybooks.(肯定回答)
3.Thisismypencil.(肯定回答)
4.Thesearemyrulers.(肯定回答)
5.Thisismychair.(肯定回答)
6.Thesearemyrubbers.(否定回答)
7.Thisismybanana.(否定回答)
8.Thesearemypears.(否定回答)
9.Thisismydog.(否定回答)
10.Thesearemyeggs.(否定回答)
In composing an argument, you try to clarify an issue or solve a problem by finding the common ground between you and others who will read your work. Using critical thinking, you develop and test your own ideas. Using a variety of techniques, you engage readers in an attempt to narrow the distance between your views and theirs.
撰写议论文时,作者试图通过找到自己和读者之间的共同点来说明一种情况或解决一个问题。在议论文中,作者经过批判性的思考,通过一些论证方法证明自己的观点,并尝试通过各种技巧尽可能缩小作者和读者之间观点的距离。
An arguement subject must be arguableg—that is, reasonable people will disagree over it and be able to support their positions with evidence.
一个议论文的题材必须有辩论的余地,也就是说,理性的人会对题材持不同的意见并能够用论据支持他们的立场。
Conceiving a thesis statement 构思
The thesis is the main idea of your paper. In an argument the thesis statement makes the claim that you want your readers to accept or act on.
论点是文章的主要观点。在议论文中,论点陈述句做出论断,请读者接受论断或采取行动。
Analyzing your purpose and your audience 分析写作目的和读者
Your purpose in argument is, broadly, to engage readers in order to convince them of your position or persuade them to act.
议论文的`目的一般是要使读者信服你的立场或说服他们采取行动。
在失败的`议论文写作中,还可以经常见到的一种就是材料+论点或论点+材料式的简单拼盘制作,材料是材料,论点是论点,两者就摆在那,至于两者之间的联系,只字不提。
事实上,对于作为论据的材料而言,不仅要叙述,更要引申,要引出材料与论据之间的联系,这样,才能更好地达到议论说理的目的。
例5、
用一颗善良的心对待生活。伟大的共产主义战士雷峰,人民的好公仆焦裕禄,人们的好干部孔繁森他们都有一颗善良的心。
在这一段里,就只是说了他们有一颗善良的心,而对他们怎样用善良的心对待生活只字不讲。而这些内容,无疑才是论证论点最需要的。
当然,议论文写作失败的原因不只是这三个方面,还有不少方面。这里,只是三个主要方面来谈,抛砖引玉,以引起同学们对议论文写作的注意,从而不断写出成功的作品来。
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
一个好的主题句是文章成功的一半。不仅文章有主题,段落有纲,句也必有中心。文章失却主题,就会不知所云;落无纲,则一盘散沙,句缺中心,就无意义。所以,在立足于篇章时,一定要首先明确文的主题;在发展段落时,也要首先写好主题句。从PETS三的特点来考虑,主题句最好是置于文首或段首,这样让人一目了然! 以下就是两个实用的开门见山式发展主题句的方法。
●To begin with, we must attach the greatest importance possible to this issue/fact (key word.
●As is well known to all, it is now high time that we took this (topic word into serious consideration.
目前,学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。
某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文,标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。
请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。
内容要点如下:
注意:1.短文必须包括所有内容要点,可适当发挥;
2.短文标题与开头已为你写好,不计入总词数;
3.词数:100左右。
4.参考词汇:作弊cheat(v.)
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.____________
One possible version
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What’s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
即 " composing an argument "。想要写出一篇优秀的议论文,需要作者拥有严谨的逻辑思维和清晰的语言表达。本文从以下几个方面讲述英语议论文写作的方法步骤。
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