要提高学生的口语水平,就要分析影响学生口语水平提高的主要因素。笔者在近几年的教学中发现,影响学生口语能力提高的原因是多方面的,但主要有以下几个因素。
教师的口语能力教师自身素质参差不齐,如部分教师的口语能力不强,不能自如地进行口语交际,无法胜任课堂交际活动的组织和指导工作。同时,教师授课任务繁重,在职进修培训较少,口语水平的提高很难有质的飞跃。
教师的教学理念有些教师没有充分认识到口语的重要性,仍然把学生能否通过有关考试看成是语言学习是否成功的唯一标志。这种理念导致教师对学生口语能力培养的忽视,在课堂上很少有时间对学生进行口语训练,使学生失去了宝贵的语言交际的机会。
教师的教学方式有些教师的课堂教学模式、教学方法与手段较为单一,仍是“满堂灌”和“填鸭式”的教学方法,教师讲,学生听,教师读,学生跟。只是一味强调语言点的教学,不重视口语教学,忽视语言的交际性,除基本的课堂用语外,教师使用口语交际的空间范围不大,师生之间没有形成讲英语的氛围。
学生的口语基础由于高职学生生源的多样化,学生入学时的英语水平出现了群体差异。比如,普通高中学生基础较好,语法知识、读写能力有一定优势,但他们习惯了以听讲、记笔记为主的教学方式,不太适应更为灵活的以开口说为主的方式;对口升学的学生学过一些与专业有关的英语知识,有一定的知识面,但基础不太牢固,更不用说口头表达能力了。总之,学生是为通过中考、高考而学英语,注重的是笔头训练,缺乏听、说、读、写的有机结合,特别是忽视了英语口头表达能力的培养。进入职业院校后,相当多的学生仍旧遵循中学时养成的学习习惯,死啃语法,没有对口语能力的培养给予足够的重视。
学生的学习心理口语的主动性、交际性、公开性、灵活性给学生形成了心理上的压力。中国学生大多性格内向,缺乏自信,害怕讲得不好有损面子而不敢开口。在课堂上,教师要花很多时间鼓励学生用英语表达,经过鼓励,学生才慢慢思考,小心谨慎地讲出一个句子。这样一来耽误了时间,完不成教学任务,教师便不再对学生进行鼓励训练。久而久之,产生恶性循环,越不开口讲就越不会讲,越不会讲就越怕开口讲,使学生形成心理上的障碍。
语言环境一个良好的语言环境对于提高学习者的口语能力往往起着潜移默化的作用。学习者常常是在不经意中受到良好的语言熏陶,从而培养出较好的语感和语言习惯。但由于客观条件的制约,很多高职院校尚未建立完备的外语环境,以致许多学生走出英语课堂,就很少有进行口语练习的实践机会,自然也难以培养自觉说英语的习惯。
测试手段测试手段往往是学习的指挥棒。到目前为止,高职英语水平测试主要采用笔试(含部分听力),而口语考试一直没有组织。这从客观上影响了教师和学生对口语的重视程度以及在口语训练上的积极性。
Withthe rapidly development of electronic technology, the paperless office isbasically realized. We have fewer and fewer opportunities to write, as aresult, we always forget how to write the characters. Moreover, the casualexpression from internet makes us confused about the real meaning of theChinese characters. some people think that while we already have a convenienceway to express ourselves, we do not need to write anymore, well,i could not agree with that.
随着科技的高速发展,无纸化办公室基本实现了。我们有越来越少的机会去写字,结果,我们常常忘记怎样去写字了。再者,网络上出现的随意的表达方式让我们对汉字的正解更迷惘。有些人认为我们都有那么方便的方式来表达自我了,为什么还要继续写字,我不同意这个观点。
Becausethe cell phone has shortcut input method and the computer typing could correcterror automatically, this can not be the reason to refuse to write. In the firstplace, Chinese characters has been used for over 6000 years, it is the spiritand soul of a nation, we should be proud of it rather than not to write itanymore.
就因为手机有快捷输入方式,电脑输入有自动纠错,这不能成为我们拒绝写字的理由。第一,汉字已经被使用了近6000年,是民族的精神和灵魂,我们应该为此自豪而不是不想再写它。
Inthe second place, we could cultivate ourselves when we are writing. Forinstance, masterful calligraphy can be rated as superb works of art, we feelsomething special link to art while we are writing. It is this magical thing thatelectronic technology can not do.
第二,我们写字的时候能够修养身心。例如,高超的书法被视为一种艺术,我们写书法的时候会感受到艺术的气息。这种神奇的事物是科技做不来的。
Inthe third place, even though the technology bring us great convenience, westill in the situation that have to write. It could be embarrassing that youforget how to write when you were asked.
第三,尽管科技给我们带来极大的便利,我们有时候还是要写字的。如果我们被问字怎么写的时候,忘记怎么写,那是很尴尬的。
Finally, Chinese characters are our spirit of culture, we shouldremember how to write it, and write it good.
最后,汉字是我们的文化精神,我们应该记着怎么写,还要写好它。
Take your time
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body. But our human being's transportation is too fast. The body moves but the soul is left behind. We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul. Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline. But the time saved can't be shorten. Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family. We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life. In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness.
Take your time, please. Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock. Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness. Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society.Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life.
There are a small number of people called “the moonlight clan” in our society, who always run out of their income each month and have no plan to save money. Concerning with this kind of consumption conception, some consider it as a fashion while other oppose it.
在我们的社会中有一小部分人叫“月光族”,他们每个月总是没有钱剩余也没有存钱的计划。关于这种消费观念,有人认为是时尚而其他则持反对态度。
Those who are in favor of this kind of consumption conception point out that being moonlight clan let them have more chances to enjoy lives and live in a high-quality life. However, the opponents argue that it is not a kind of rational conception because those called “the moonlight clan” may have no ability to cope with their rainy day. In addition, this kind of consumption habit put a premium on extravagance and waste to some extent.
那些支持这种消费观念的人指出成为月光族让他们有更多的机会享受生活,过高质量的生活。然而,反对者则认为那不是理性的概念,因为那些所谓的“月光族”在他们低迷的时候可能没有能力应付。此外,这种消费习惯在某种程度上形成了奢侈浪费。
Taking the two opinions into consideration, I am inclined to agree with the latter one. From my point of view, the life of the moonlight clan is more luxurious or high-quality but they may be lack of sense of security, especially in their rainy day. Therefore, I still advocate that all of us should keep some money at any time so that we will not be too difficult in our rainy day.
考虑到以上两个观点,我倾向于同意后者。从我的角度来看,月光族的生活更豪华或质量更高但是他们也许会缺乏安全感,尤其是低迷的时候。因此,我仍然认为我们所有人在任何时候都应该存一些钱,这样在困难的时候就不会过得太艰辛。
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