一、何为“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”。
很多雅思写作考题的提问方式都是“Do you agree or disagree?”或者“To what extent do you agree or disagree?”。很多刚刚接触雅思的学生甚至是老师认为对于这种提问方式无非就是yes或no两种答案,所以文章的观点也就只能是同意或者不同意了。其实,对于这类提问,也可以采用“折衷”的观点,即“partly agree,partly disagree”(部分同意,部分不同意)。但是前提是一定要在文章中从支持和反对的两方面都阐述一些理由,而且最好再提出一种“折衷”方案。例如,考题问“现在很多人用动物做试验,你同意吗?”,考生可以在文中分别讨论支持和反对动物试验的理由,最后提出动物试验既有好处也有坏处,这就是一种“折衷”观点。除此之外,作者还提出了是否能用动物来做试验主要是取决于试验是否能给人类生活带来显著的改善(比如帮助人类发明治疗Aids的药物),这就属于“折衷”方案。
二、“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”的几种形式。
那么如何提出“折衷观点”呢?“折衷方案”又有哪几种形式呢?下面笔者将对常见的几种安排折衷观点和折衷方案的'形式,结合相应的考题进行总结。
(1) 兴利除弊
“兴利除弊”应该是一种比较简单的折衷方案,在优缺点类文章中特别常用。即在分析完考题所涉及事物的优缺点之后,在结尾段提出“优缺点都有,我们要兴利除弊”这样的折衷方案。例如以下考题:
The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
在讨论完英语作为全球性语言的利与弊之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷观点:
To sum up, it is difficult to tell whether or not the advantages outweigh the disadvantages regarding the spread of English as a global language. What we may have to consider is how to accept this trend as positive while at the same time staying away from its drawbacks.
(2) 平衡发展
很多考题需要考生讨论两种观点,通常会有“discuss both views and give your own opinion”这样的提问要求。很多情况下,文中说到的两种观点表面上看来是完全相反,但其实并不矛盾,可以用“平衡发展”的思路来提出观点。例如考题:
Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.
在讨论完发展旅游的必要性和保护文化传统的重要性之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷方案:
We should find the right balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I believe the government has a very important role to play here. In my own country, for example, many tourist cities have made effective development plans to successfully attract large numbers of visitors while still preserving their distinct cultural traditions.
(3) 取决于……
有时在讨论完A和B两种观点以后,可以提出类似于“同意A还是B要取决于……”这样的折衷观点,前文讲到的动物试验是否可以进行取决于试验的性质就是属于这样的方案。再比如下面这个例子:
Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
在讨论完动物当宠物养的理由和动物当食物吃的理由之后,结尾段可以这样提出观点:
From my point of view, there is no absolute answer as to whether animals should be treated like pets or as sources of food and clothes. It largely depends on what kinds of animals they are. But what remains undoubted is that we should treat animals with a humane attitude and bear in mind that they are important in preserving nature’s ecological equilibrium.
(4) 解决方法
很多双边讨论型文章中所讨论的两种观点其实是可以通过某种方案来“化解矛盾”的,例如这道考题:
In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should wok in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.
在讨论完“支边”的利(缩小城乡差距)与弊(年轻人丧失自由)之后,我们可以提出这样一种解决方案:
The best solution, therefore, is not to order, but to encourage. We should instill a sense of responsibility in young people and give more incentives to those who are willing to work in difficult areas, so that we can address the problem of urban-rural disparity while respecting whatever decisions new teachers or doctors have made.
Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere in big cities. They shout at us from the television screen and radio loudspeakers, wave to us from every page of the newspaper, signal to us from the roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us in colored lights all night.
Faced with a flood of advertisement, some people wonder whether it is necessary to have such huge sums spent on advertising. They often cite in illustration of it the attractive, but false and deceptive advertisements to which many consumers fall victim. Why don't we stop advertising and use the money to reduce the price of goods? It sounds like a good idea, but they fail to notice the contribution advertising makes to our society. Because the production of a better product to compete for customers' money is the goal of advertisers, customers are thus given a chance to compare their products and get the best and cheapest one. Besides, as the advertisement can provide people with a lot of immediate and detailed information as to the availability of a certain product, or a service or a job, it makes life much more convenient. And another thing we mustn't forget: the fact that we pay so little for our daily newspapers and TV programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers.
Advertising performs such a useful service to our society that we can't imagine what would happen if there were no advertisements. (198 words
精彩生命
造物主创造了生命,使得世间有了活力。生命在历史的长河中繁衍,绽放了绚丽夺目的光彩。生命自产生起就是为了精彩而存在。
塞内卡说过:“生命如同寓言,其价值不在长短,而在内容。”生命只有焕发光彩,方不辱没生命的意义。
历史长河中,无数英烈为了使生命变得精彩而做出了生与死的抉择。屈原为了使自己的生命变得精彩投入了泪罗江中;一代大侠荆轲,为了生命的精彩,高吟着“风萧萧兮易水寒,壮士一去兮不复还”而血洒咸阳殿;以“人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗清”千古绝唱而流芳百世的文天祥,为了生命的精彩躺倒在蒙古人的大刀之下;“一腔碧血勤珍重”的鉴湖女使秋瑾为了生命的精彩,命丧清狗之刀下。无数的英雄儿女,不甘平凡,舍生取义,使生命绽放出耀眼的光芒。
生命需要精彩,精彩燃烧出生命的辉煌。
巴斯德说:“生命在最危险的环境中,方是真正的生命”。小草生长在瓦砾之中,才显出它生命的精彩;苍松矗立于绝壁之上,才显出它生命的精彩;骆驼奔走于沙漠之中,才显出它生命的精彩。只有精彩的生命才能在宇宙之中永生不灭。
生命有意义才会精彩,精彩的生命才会有意义。
凡高的一生融入了向日葵,把艺术的精华留给了人类,他的生命是精彩的;贝多芬的一生奉献给了音乐,用生命之曲唤醒人类,他的生命也是精彩的;马克思把他的一生奉献
给了共产主义事业,他的生命也是精彩的;孔繁森把他的一生奉献给了兰考人民,他的生命同样是精彩的??巴金说过:“寒冷寂寞的生,不如轰轰烈烈的死。生命如果没有意义,那么尽早就结束它”。
小草把绿色献给春天,使它的生命变得精彩;清泉,把它的甘醇流淌入干渴者的心田,使它的生命变得精彩;红日,把它的温暖传递到严寒的隆冬,使它的生命变得精彩。
花开不是为了凋谢,而是为了结果,结果也不是为了终结,而是为了更生。生命亦是如此!
让生命精彩起来!
Dear James.Very soon I am going to die,and meet my God.Before I die,I want to write the true story of my life for you.Everything that I write here is trueI cannot lie to you,or to God.Please believe that,James.It's important to me.
亲爱的詹姆斯,很快我就要死去,去见我的上帝了。在我死之前,我要给你写下我一生的真实的故事。在这里我写的一切都是真实的我不能对你说谎,也不能对上帝说谎。请相信这一切,詹姆斯,这对我很重要。
My father died when I was one week old,so I was the Queen of Scots when I was a baby.At first I lived with my mother in Scotland,and then,when I was five,I went to France.My mother was French,but she stayed in Scotland,and died there.
在我出生只有一个星期的时候我的父亲便去世了。因此在我还是个婴儿的时候我就成了苏格兰的女王。起初我和母亲一起住在苏格兰,后来在我五岁的时候我去了法国。我母亲是法国人,可是她却呆在苏格兰直到去世。
I went to France to marry the King of France's son.His name was Francis,and he was one year younger than me.In 1559,his father died,so Francis was King.Then I was Queen of France,and Queen of Scotland too.
我去法国并嫁给了法国王子。他叫弗朗西斯,比我小一岁。1559年,他的父亲去世了,因此弗朗西斯成了国王。于是,我既是法国王后,又是苏格兰女王。
I was very happy in France.Francis,my husband,was like a little brother to me.I think he loved me,bur he was very young,and he was often ill.And then,in 1560,he died.He was sixteen years old.
在法国我很幸福。我的丈夫弗朗西斯就像是我的一个*。我想他是爱我的,但是他太年轻了,还经常生病。之后,1560年,他死了,年仅16岁。
When he died I was very unhappy,and my life was very different.There was a new King and Queen,and I wasn't important in France,any more.But I was still Queen of Scots,so I came back to Scotland.When I arrived in Scotland,I was a young girl of eighteen.My mother was dead,and there was on one there to meet me.I walked off the ship,and I slept in a little house near the sea.
他死后我非常伤心,而且我的生活也发生了很大的变化。法国有了新的国王和王后,我在法国已显得不再重要。但是我仍然是苏格兰的女王,因此,我回到了苏格兰。我回到了苏格兰的那会儿,我是个才18岁的小姑娘。我的母亲已经去世了,因此没有人来接我。我下了船,就在海边的一间小屋里过夜。
Next day,the Scots lords came from Edinburgh.They were pleased to see me,and for a week everyone was happy.People smiled at me and sang in the streets.I think everyone liked me.Then,that Sunday,I went to church.
第二天,苏格兰的贵族们从爱丁堡来了。他们见到我很高兴。有一个星期大家都很开心。人们朝我微笑,在大街上唱歌。我以为每个人都很喜欢我。然后,在那个星期天,我去了教堂。
James,my son,you are a Protestant and I am a Catholic.You are a good man,and you love God,but your church and my church are enemies.I was born a Catholic,and I am going to die a Catholic.I love God,tooI hope you understand that.I'm not going to change now.
詹姆斯,我的儿子,你是个新教徒而我是个天主教徒。你是好人,且热爱上帝,可是你的教会和我的教会是仇敌。我生为天主教徒,死也是天主教徒。我也爱上帝,我希望你能理解这些。即使现在我也不打算改变。
That Sunday,people shouted angrily in the streets.‘Your Majesty,’said the Scots lords.‘Scotland is a Protestant country.You can't go to a Catholic church here.The Scottish people don't like Catholics.’
那个星期天,人们在大街上愤怒地叫喊。“陛下,”那些苏格兰贵族们说道。“苏格兰是个信奉新教的国家。你不能上这里的天主教教堂。苏格兰人民不喜欢天主教徒。”
‘I'm sorry,my lords,’I said.‘But I am your Queenno one tells me what to do.I don't hate Protestants,and I'm not going to kill them.The people can go to their Protestant churches,and pray to God there.But I'm going to pray with Catholics,in my church.’
“很抱歉,我的勋爵们,”我说。“可我是你们的女王没有人能告诉我该怎样做。我不憎恨新教徒,也不会***害他们。人们可以去他们的'新教教堂,并在那里祈祷上帝。而我也将和天主教教徒们一起在我的教堂里向上帝祈祷。”
People were angry because of that.A man called John Knox came to see me.He was a famous Protestant churchman,but I didn't like him.He was a big,angry man with black clothes.He hated the Catholic church,and wanted all catholics to leave Scotland.To him,the Protestant church was the only true church of God.He said:‘Your Majesty,you're a young woman,like my daughter.Women can't understand difficult thing like God or the church.Find a good Protestant husband,girl.Let him rule this country for you.’
人们听到这些发怒了。一个名叫约翰诺克斯的人来见我。他是个有名的新教教士,可我不喜欢他。他个头很大,怒气冲冲,穿着一身黑衣服。他憎恨天主教会,且想让所有的天主教教徒都离开苏格兰。对他来说,新教教会才是唯一真正属于上帝的教会。他说道:“陛下,你是位年轻的女子,就像我的女儿。女人是不会懂得诸如上帝、教会这类困难的事情的。找一个新教徒的好丈夫吧,女孩,让他来为你的统治这个国家。”
I was very angry with this man Knox.I was a Queen,but I was only eighteen.He didn't talk quietlyhe shouted at me.I cried because of his angry words.I could not understand himhe talked so much,and he knew so many books.But I did not go to his church.
我对这个名叫诺克斯的男人很生气。我是女王,可我只有18岁。他没有平静地和我说话他对我大声叫嚷。由于他措词严厉,我哭了。我不能接受他虽然他说了那么多,并读过那么多书,但我不会去他的教堂。
He was right about one thing.Perhaps I could rule Scotland without a man,but I could not have a child without one.And every Queen needs a son or daughter to come after her.So I began to look for a husband.
可有一点他是对的。没有男人,或许我可以统治苏格兰,但没有男人,我就不会有小孩。每个女王都需要有个儿子或女儿来继承王位。因此我开始物色一个丈夫。
It ______ ______ ______ the train will be late.
答案:is likely that
2. It is likely that the typhoon will sweep across the island.
The typhoon ______ ______ ______ ______ across the island.
答案:is likely to sweep
3. I think trying to stop the couple quarrelling will be of no use.
I think it's ______ ______ ______ to stop the couple quarrelling.
答案:no use trying
4. Every time I was in trouble, he had no hesitation in helping me.
Every time I was in trouble, he came to help me ______ ______.
答案:without hesitation
5. He never hesitates to help if I have any problem.
He always helps me ______ ______ if I have any problem.
答案:without hesitation
6. I crossed the street so as not to meet him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
I crossed the street to ______ ______ him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
答案:avoid seeing
7. It seems that the students in that class have all passed the qualified exam.
All of the students in that class ______ ______ ______ ______ the qualified exam.
答案:seem to have passed
8. It seems that the boys of the class are playing football on the playground.
The boys of the class ______ ______ ______ ______ football on the playground.
答案:seem to be playing
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