温暖的拥抱作文框架【一】
关联理论强大的解释力为翻译研究提供了一个理论框架。在此框架下，从认知角度对翻译过程进行描写，把翻译过程看作是原者—译者—读者之间的两个交际过程，在动态语境中找出各种信息之间的最佳关联，对真实交际意图做作出推理，从而能够全面、科学的阐释话语理解，达到翻译这一交际的目的。
参考文献：
[1]Gutt，Ernst—August。Translation and Relevance：Cognition and Context[M]。Oxford：Blackwell，1991。
[2]Sperber，D。& Wilson，D。Relevance：Communication and Cognition[M]。Oxford： Blackwell，1986。
[3]苗兴伟。关联理论对语篇连贯性的解释[J]。外语教学与研究，1999，（3）。
[4]蒋坚松，黄振定。语言与翻译研究[M]。北京：中国社会科学出版社，2000。
[5]曾文雄。语用翻译学研究[M]。武汉：武汉大学出版社，2007。
温暖的拥抱作文框架【二】
“太湖美，太湖美，太湖美在太湖水……”多么美的歌曲啊！去年秋天，我就来到了这传说中的地方——太湖。我们到那里，已是晚上了。也许是太累了吧？我们躺上床不久，便沉沉地睡去……“哦，哦，哦——”一阵清脆的鸡鸣把我从睡梦中拉出，不一时，只听得萧管悠扬，笙笛并发。正直风清气爽的时候，那乐声穿林渡水而来，自然使人心旷神怡。吃完早饭，我向河边走去。只见一只只鸭子在水中游泳，瞧它们那惬意的样子，可爱极了！“咚——”一声巨响把我的思绪拉了回来，循声望去，原来是一条渔船向湖中心驶去。大约离岸上10米时，他停了下来。咦？他似乎不在捕鱼？我走近一看，原来渔夫是在捞菱角啊！一个个带有尖尖角的菱角，在渔夫的手下就再也神奇不起来了，只见渔夫将菱角小心地捞起，然后将菱角的三个尖角给掐掉，再把它扔进了篮筐。很快，渔夫便满载而归。妈妈看我那馋样，便给我买了回来。我轻轻地拨开菱，只见它嫩嫩的.果肉便露了出来，咬一口，又香又嫩，甭提多好吃了。小餐点用完之后，我又喝了一些露水，清清凉凉的，顿时神清气爽。如果到处都像这里一样没有污染，那所有人都可以长命百岁。是什么使太湖如此清澈？是什么让太湖上的岛屿空气新鲜？是群众们的努力啊！如果不是大家自发地站出来保护环境，如果不是人们不断地减少污染，如果不是…
总而言之，如果没有众人的共同努力，太湖就不会如此干净。我陶醉在太湖的怀抱中。简评：太湖，如一幅散发着清香的水墨画，令人神往。
温暖的拥抱作文框架【三】
翻译是受关联理论影响最大的学科之一。德国学者Gutt认为，翻译是一种言语交际行为，是与大脑机制密切联系的推理过程，它不仅涉及语码，更重要的是根据语境进行动态的推理，而推理的依据就是关联性。关联性就是制约翻译的基本原则，翻译的成功与否在于原交际者的目的和读者（听者）的要求在认知环境方面与原文相似。关联理论引入翻译研究，对翻译理论和实践都具有指导意义。
美国著名语言学家、翻译理论权威尤金·奈达博士也认为：“翻译就是交际。”他指出，信息如果不能被读者接受则丧失其交际作用，而译文如果起不到交际作用，不能为读者所理解，就是不合格的。
原作者和译者都是通过交际意图把信息告诉各自的读者，因此，要做到忠实于原作者的交际意图，这就需要译者首先要理解原文，并根据关联原则找到各种信息的最佳关联，获得最佳的语境效果，最终做出一个最能体现原作者交际意图的译文。成功的译文是使译文读者可以不必花费较多的努力就能获得与原文读者相同的语境效果，并能准确地理解原作者的交际意图。
关联理论把翻译看作是一个交际过程，而翻译过程包含作者与译者之间的交际和译者与读者之间的交际这两个交际过程。因此，译者不仅要有准确理解作者交际意图的能力，还应充分考虑译文环境下译文读者的认知能力，帮助译文读者找到与译文语境之间的最佳关联，达到最佳交际效果。译者作为原文的读者接受来自原文本的信息，这些信息提供的动态语境与译者的认知语境相结合，产生译者对原文本的理解。在理解过程中，译者运用自己的语言知识和推理能力努力达到对原文作者意图的最接近的理解，从而做到对原文的“忠实”。然而，译文忠实于原文的程度依赖于译者对译文读者的了解。如果译者不顾译文读者的认知语境和知识结构，将原文原封不动地呈现给译文读者，只会使译文读者不知所云，导致交际失败。例如，如果把“Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard。”直译为“据说家家户户的壁橱里至少都藏着一具骷髅。”就会使译文读者困惑不解。此译文只是对原文的表面意思做了传达，并未传达原文的真实意义，对于不了解西方文化背景的译文读者来说就很难以理解。然而。如果将其翻译为“常言道：壁橱里藏骷髅，丑事家家有。”这样，译者就找到了原文与译文语境的最佳关联，译文也更易被中国读者所接受，译者就达到了完成作者与译文读者之间最佳交际的目的。
译者作为原作者和译文读者之间的桥梁，其主要任务是保证两者之间交际的成功。为了保证原文作者和译文读者之间交际的成功，译者可以采取各种翻译策略来帮助译文读者找到原文与译文语境的最佳关联，达到最佳的交际效果。因此，译文读者在这一交际过程中的角色是不容忽视的。译者需要对译文读者的`认知结构和知识结构有充分的了解，做出准确的判断，对译文的表达方式做出适合译文读者的选择。如对《红楼梦》中的谚语“谋事在人，成事在天”的翻译，霍克斯直接引用英语谚语“Man proposes，God disposes。”撇开原作中的佛教色彩，使译作带上了基督教色彩，从而使原文作者曹雪芹向译文读者靠近。
翻译是语际意义的转换，意义问题是翻译的核心问题。在翻译过程中，既要重视语言本身，也要重视在不同的语境中语言所要表达的真正含义。语境在关联理论中又称为语境假设，不仅包括上下文和说话时的社会环境，还包括百科知识和当时感知的信息，这些信息并不构成一个单一的语境，而是一系列语境。在话语理解中，人们只是选取某一特定语境对信息进行推理。交际能否顺利进行，主要看听话者能否选择正确的语境。Sperber和Wilson提出了动态的语境观。语境不是静态的，而是在话语理解过程中不断选择的结果。很多情况下，交际者的交际意图可能会和话语的字面意思不一致甚至相反，这就要求听话者结合自己的认知结构和百科知识及推理能力找到与说话者的话语信息相关的语境假设，通过推理正确的判断说话者的交际意图。例如：“She is a fox。”译文有“她是只狐狸”、“她是个狐狸精”或“她是个时尚迷人的女人”在中英文化中，“狐狸”都可以与狡猾、诡计多端的人联系在一起，但当“狐狸”与女性联系在一起，汉语与英语就有了不同的文化色彩。如果译者不了解中英不同的文化语境，按照中国人的认知思维，把fox翻译成“狐狸精”，那无疑是错误的，因为在英语中，它指的是时髦迷人的女子。因此，译者应该对原语进行文化推理，获得最佳的语境效果才能得出准确的译文，达到交际的目的。
温暖的拥抱作文框架【四】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
温暖的拥抱作文框架【五】
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
温暖的拥抱作文框架【六】
拥抱是一种无声的语言，拥抱是一曲绚烂的乐章，拥抱更是一种爱的传递。
昨天，我将我的第一个拥抱献给了王老师。在《让生命充满爱》的演讲中有一个互动，当邹老师说出：“请各位班主任走到前面来”时，我立即转头望向一直默默无闻坐在班级最后的王老师。王老师一边缓步向前走，一边鼓着掌，同学们纷纷将手举过头顶，使劲地鼓掌。我回想着王老师工作认真，关心同学的一幕幕。在清晨，王老师早早来到学校。管理班级秩序和卫生，清点同学们到校的情况;在傍晚，王老师仔细批改作业，认真的备课，为明天同学们生动有趣的课堂做着充分的准备……当同学们遇到不懂做的题目时，王老师便悉心指导，不厌其烦地一遍一遍讲着;当同学们心情浮燥时，王老师便冷静教育，想尽各种办法让同学们赶快投入新的`学习中……当我身体不舒服时，王老师极时发现，打电话给家长，“请你快来学校，陶冶身体有些不舒服，快带她回家休息!，当我不理想时，王老师会用亲切地话语鼓励我“这次考得不好没关系，但你要从中吸取教训，争取下次取得好成绩!”……回想着王老师的尽心尽职的工作态度，我不禁落泪了。
王老师在同学们天真的目光下径直走到班级的最前面。同学们静静地望着王老师，看到她的脸上洋溢从来都没有过的幸福笑容，我的心也似乎朝幸福快乐打开了大门。“请六年级毕业班的学生上前给班主任一个深情的拥抱。”当邹老师激情澎湃地讲完这些时，同学们都有秩序地排起了长队。同学们期望了多久的时间，终于在今天能够献给王老师一个充满爱与感恩的拥抱。每一个同学都没有说话，看到拥抱后回来的同学都哭得满面是泪。我随着队伍很快就来到了王老师的面前。
我张开双臂，一下子投进了王老师温暖的怀抱。在王老师的怀抱中我顿时闻到了一股妈妈的气息，如安全的港湾，如幸福的苹果树，在王老师的怀抱中我回忆着往日的一幕幕，从一个无知的少年成为一个有知识的少年，这花费了王老师多少的心血……，我深情地拥抱着王老师，在这泪水朦胧之间，我渐渐听到了王老师亲切的话语：“别哭了”。这是第一次王老师如此亲近地与我说话，“嗯”我轻轻地在王老师的怀中点了点头，霎那间，眼眶中的泪水放肆地奔涌出来，王老师再一次拍拍我的后背，安慰地说：“别哭了、别哭了!”，说完还抹了抹我眼边的泪。我多么希望这一刻能够停留，我多么希望这一刻能够永远停止在我的记忆中!
回到座位，我望着王老师被泪水布满的双眼，脑海中回想起王老师辛勤地工作，认真地教导我们，让我们健康快乐地成长。
王老师，这一个拥抱是叶对根的答谢。王老师，我会用拥抱化成行动，用优异的成绩来报答您!
