小时候,我最害怕的就是爸爸妈妈都去上夜班的晚上。家里只剩我一个,这时候,什么小偷啊、鬼啊、老鼠啊……马上涌上我心头。
记得有一次,爸妈又上夜班去了。我洗完澡后就写作业,不一会儿就写完了。于是,我打开电视想轻松一下。这时候,电视一片白花花的。唉,真是祸不单行啊!电视没得看,我的脑子就开始胡思乱想,怕小偷进屋偷东西,又怕老鼠来咬我,又怕鬼来把我吃掉,又怕……这时候的我拼命地叫自己别乱想,可脑子就不听话。突然,我的脑子里闪过一个念头:小偷不是怕警察叔叔吗?于是,我拿出纸,画了一位威武的警察叔叔,贴在门上。接着,我又画了一只大黑猫,看那些讨厌的老鼠敢不敢出来咬本小姐!吃了这些“定心丸”,我的心不再胡思乱想,随手拿起一本作文书看了起来。时间过得真快,一晃就到了九点半,妈妈回来了。妈妈问我是怎么回事,我便一五一十地告诉了妈妈,妈妈还夸我聪明呢!
从那以后,我发现了一个人在家并不可怕,有时还挺好玩呢!只是看你会不会一个人去寻找乐趣。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
他,是一个残疾人,但他并没有用他那失去的右腿来换取他人的施舍,而是靠自己的双手以及那仅剩的左腿收购废品维持生计。我佩服他。
一天,我和妈妈买完东西刚要回家时,一个收废品的外地人骑着一辆脚踏三轮车缓缓地向我们驶来,可能是长时间在外地跋涉的缘故,他全身黑黝黝的。这时,妈妈想起家里还有一些废品没有卖掉,便把他叫住了。
回家的路上,我和妈妈在前头领路,而他,就在最后跟着。我不经意回过头去看了他一眼,发觉他骑车的速度非常慢,我也没多想,以为他只是不太会骑车罢了,便转过身子继续走。“小妹妹,快到了吗?”他擦了擦额头上的汗水,笑着问我。“哦,快到了,你快点,别老慢吞吞的!”我没好气地应着,头也不回地走了。
到了我家楼下,妈妈先上去了。我也飞快地跑上二楼,当我转过身子看他,我被眼前的一幕惊呆了: 他双手撑着左右的墙壁,一步一步艰难地向上跳着。我顿时恍然大悟,原来他是一个残疾人,是一个失去宝贵右腿的'残疾人!“怎么了,小妹妹?”他的微笑又出现在我的视线中。“哦,没,叔叔,您慢点!”此时,我觉得我的步子是多么沉重。
到了家门口,妈妈已经拿着废品在门口等着了,见他的腿后,妈妈也很惊异,连忙拿了些钱给他,这时,我清清楚楚地看到,他脸上再没有了笑容,变得严肃起来,说:“大姐,我不能要你的钱。”他接过妈妈手中的废品,从兜里掏出15元,说:“这是您卖废品的钱,收好。”说完拿着废品走了。
望着他远去的背影,一种莫名的感觉涌上我的心头,我为自己原先的态度而感到愧疚,对他那坚强的毅力由衷感到敬佩。我不禁脱口说了句“叔叔,你真了不起!”。这时,他回过头来冲我微微一笑,啊!我顿时觉得那是世上最美的笑容!
他,一个残疾人,亦是一个了不起的伟人!
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
今天,我们这里下了一天的鹅毛大雪,它足足下了一天。
一下课,同学们便蜂拥而出,到操场上去。在那里,有的在滚雪球,有的在堆雪人,有的在打雪仗,还有的在跑来跑去追着雪花……我来到操场,滚了一个大雪球,然后,把它拿回到教室里面。来到教室里面,我把它分成了许多小雪球,向同学弹了过去。弹了一会儿,我觉得不太好玩了。我就拿起雪球在黑板上面写字。可是,写出来的字,不管我怎么擦都没有擦掉。结果,我在上课的时候被老师批评了一顿。
第二节下课后,我来到阳台上看别人玩雪。我看到操场上一、二年级的学生把雪球滚得有圆筒那么大。然后,他们又滚了一个小一点的雪球。接着,他们把小雪球放在大雪球上面。哦,原来他们是在做雪人。他们在大雪球的两侧分别插上一根树枝当双手。他们又用石子当眼睛……他们做好后,就围着雪人蹦来跳去,好象在和雪人一起做游戏。
这时,我向教室里面看去,看到有的学生躲在教室里面,身上穿着棉衣棉裤,脚上穿着棉鞋,还在那里冻得发抖。他们一边哆嗦着一边在骂着老天不应该下雪。那些在雪地里玩雪玩得过分的学生,身上的衣服裤子都湿了,只得不停地跺脚来取暖。有的学生玩得身上在直冒热气。于是,我对教室里面的学生说:“你们赶快出来玩雪,否则你们会冷的。”他们听了我的话,纷纷走出教室和我一起玩起了雪来。过了一会儿工夫,他们都对我说:“你说得对,坐在教室里面只有冷,到外面来玩倒很热。谢谢你的提醒!”我说:“不用谢!”
我和他们一起玩着雪,心里在想我们不能够害怕,自己勇敢就会战胜害怕和寒冷。
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