由于在很多情况下,说明文是对客观存在的说明与介绍,因此语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉,比如:
(1)I think that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
(2)It is said that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
相比之下,例(2)的语言要比例(1)的语言客观一些,容易让人接受一些。如果再作一些表述上的改动:
(3)Getting up late is not always a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
引进著名人士作为信息的来源,可以使想要说明的内容更具有说服力。如果我们将例(3)中的always再改为necessarily,就可使整个句子更客观、委婉,便于为读者接受:
(4)Getting up late is not necessarily a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
在英语中,采用被动语态,引进权威的信息来源以及选用委婉的词语是使说明文避免主观色彩,增加客观性,从而为读者接受的重要语言手段
"Bellingham Christian School has decided to cancel school due to good weather," said Mr Samson in the letter to parents.萨姆森先生在信中对家长说:“由于难得的好天气,贝灵汉基督学校决定停课一天。”
Bellingham Christian School, in Washington state, sent letters to parents informing them their children's classes were cancelled so students and staff could enjoy a "sun day".位于华盛顿州的贝灵汉基督学校写信通知学生家长,他们孩子的课被取消了,学生和全体教职人员都可以享受“天气晴好的一天”。
Principal of the school, Bob Samson, said cancelling a day of school for nice weather was a good move and was an effort to "promote positive school culture".鲍勃-萨姆森学校的校长解释道,学校在难得的好天气取消一天的`课程是一个很好的决定,并将有助于“推广积极的校园文化”。
"Typically we cancel school for bad weather, so why not have some fun and cancel school due to fabulous weather?" added the principal.“通常我们会因为恶劣的天气而停课,那么为什么我们不能在难得这么棒的天气里取消课程尽情享受呢?” 校长又说道。
Located just outside Whatcom County's largest city, Bellingham Christian School did not cancel a single day of classes due to bad weather over the winter months.贝灵汉基督学校坐落在霍特科姆县中最大的城市郊区,在过去冬季的几个月,并没有因为恶劣的天气而取消一天的课程。
The Pacific-Northwest city is forecast to enjoy clear skies and temperatures up to 23 degrees Celsius over the coming days.在接下来几天,预计太平洋西北部城市天气将会放晴,气温将回升到23℃。
Catering for children aged 2 to 14, the non-denominational Christian school educates students from over forty regional churches in the Bellingham area.这个跨教派的基督学校里的学生多为2到14岁孩子,来自贝灵汉地区里超过40个区域性教会。
"There are so many heavy things that go on in our world, it's nice to celebrate, relax and share joy with many," said the principal.校长说:“在我们的世界中有很多沉重的事情在发生;我们庆祝、放松、与他人共享喜悦,将会使生活更美好。”
中国古代将立冬分为三候:“一候水始冰;二候地始冻;三候雉人大水为蜃。” 此节气水已经能结成冰;土地也开始冻结;三候“雉人大水为蜃”中的雉即指野鸡一类的大鸟,蜃为大蛤,立冬后,野鸡一类的大鸟便不多见了,而海边却可以看到外壳与野鸡的线条及颜色相似的大蛤。所以古人认为雉到立冬后便变成大蛤了。
立冬时节,太阳已到达黄经225°,北半球获得的太阳辐射量越来越少,由于此时地表夏半年贮存的热量还有一定的剩余,所以一般还不太冷。晴朗无风之时,常有温暖舒适的“小阳春”天气,不仅十分宜人,对冬作物的生长也十分有利。但是,这时北方冷空气也已具有较强的势力,常频频南侵,有时形成大风、降温并伴有雨雪的寒潮天气。
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