运用细节描写,把文章写得具体生动。所谓细节,是指所记人、事、景中的细枝末节,如人物细致的神态、生活中细小的事件、环境中细小的事物等等。 《儒林外史》中的严监生临死前“伸”出两根指头,示意家人将油灯的灯芯由两根改为一根,最终使其成了世界文学名着人物画廊中的又一个吝啬鬼的典型。在咸亨酒店的九尺柜台上,穷困潦倒的孔乙己一时得意,“排出”九文大钱,写出了他的可笑。阿Q在自己的死刑判决书上画押,阿Q不会写字,就用画圈代替:“阿Q伏下去,使尽了平生的力画圆圈。他生怕被人笑话,立志要画得圆,但这可恶的笔不但很沉重,并且不听话,刚刚一抖一抖的几乎要合缝,却又向外一耸,画成瓜子模样了。 ”阿Q就在这“画圈”中糊里糊涂结束了自己生命。捕捉生活中真实而典型的“一言一动之微,一沙一石之细”(朱自清语),就能使人物个性在举手投足之间闪闪发光,就会使描写对象栩栩如生,具体感人。
怎样刻画细节呢?一是撷取小动作,准确地使用传神的动词。如:《凡卡》中描写他给爷爷写信:“他想了一想,蘸一蘸墨水,写上地址:”乡下爷爷收‘。然后他抓抓脑袋,再想一想,添上几个字。 ’康司坦丁?玛卡里奇‘“。”想“、”蘸“、”写“、”抓“、”添“这一系列动作,把不会写信的凡卡渴望爷爷收到信,救他出火坑的复杂心理刻画得淋漓尽致。动作描写是刻画人物,刻画人物是为了表达中心。因此紧紧围绕文章的中心,仔细观察,精心选择,具体描写,就成了写好人物动作的关键。二是勾勒小景物,突出景物的特征、状态。如:《听潮》一文中,作者把海浪声化作具体形象的画面:”海在我的脚下沉吟着,诗人一般。那声音仿佛是朦胧的月光和玫瑰的晨雾那样温柔;又像是情人的蜜语那样芳醇;低低地,轻轻地,像微风拂过琴弦;像落花飘在水上。 “作者抓住海浪声轻柔的特点,展开联想,巧妙地运用比喻描绘声态,有声有色,有形有味,给人一种含蓄而鲜明的柔美感。三是抓住小道具,突出小道具独特的含义及其对情节发展的作用。如:《孔乙己》一文中,咸亨酒店三次出现的小粉板。没有小粉板,也就没有掌柜的在”端午“和”年关“想到孔乙己。小粉板上的酒债,是这场悲剧尾声中一个令人闻之泣血的音符,孔乙己的悲剧用一笔酒债告示结束了,让世人永远深思。
When you look back on yourself in the past – 10, 20, 30 or more years ago – it’s surprising to see how much you have changed over time. Your experiences, your friends, your family and your work have all shaped who you are right now. But where will you be in another few years? How will you have changed? Reflective writing in your journal is an excellent way to think about what you want out of the future.当你10年、20年或更多年后回顾过去时,你会吃惊地发现,随着时光的流逝,你也发生了很大的变化。你的经历、朋友、家庭和工作造就了现在的你。但是再过几年你会在哪里呢?你会如何变化呢?这样反思性的写作,会是思考未来你想要什么的一种好的方式。
You may have already written a letter to your younger self before, conveying all the wisdom and perspective you wish you had had at the time. Now consider the opposite end of the spectrum; what would you say if you wrote your future self a letter?你也许以前试过给过去的自己写信,向年轻时的自己传授一些人生的智慧和观点,你希望那时候的自己就能知道这些。现在我们换个角度看问题,如果让你给未来的自己写封信,你会写点什么?
Just imagine writing a letter to your future self 5 years from now, then opening it at that exact moment 5 years down the road to see how much of it resonated with you. It is a useful supplementary tool to be used in goal achievement, because when you write the letter to your future self, it helps crystallize exactly how you anticipate yourself to become at that specific moment down the road.
想象一下,给5年后的自己写一封信,当5年后你打开那封信时,你会产生多少共鸣。这是实现目标的一种有用的辅助工具,因为当你给未来的自己写信时,你会慢慢理清希望自己在人生旅途的那个特定时刻变成什么样子。
As you read the letter in the future, you can assess how many things match up (or not vs. your expectations in the past and think about why that’s the case. Often times, the goals we set and our goal achievement process are subjected to a lot of changes along the way, due to varying obstacles, unanticipated circumstances and changing priorities. The letter gives you a macro-view of your initial vision and lets you recognize how your current vision differs from the past.当你在未来读这封信时,你可以看看有多少事情是像你过去期望的那样,你也会思考为什么会这样。很多时候,我们设定目标在实现的过程中会受到沿途中各种因素的影响,因为会遇到各种各样的困难、各种意外情况并需要不断调整优先级。这封信能让你从宏观的角度上去看自己最初的愿景,让你意识到自己现在的想法和过去相比有多么不同。
When you open the letter in the future, you as your future self gets to compare how you used to be in the past and compare with how you are currently. This lets you see in totality how much things have changed since then – and this can be a really intriguing experience. It’s interesting to just see how much you have grown/changed since you wrote the letter.当你以后看信时,你会把过去的自己和现在的.自己进行比较。这会让你看清从写信时起你发生了哪些变化,这种体验是非常有趣的。光看看从你写信开始发生了哪些变化就很有趣了。
What To Write About写什么内容好呢?
Look at today’s date. Now imagine you writing to yourself, exactly X years from now. What do you want to say to your future self?看看今天的日期。现在想象一下你在给X年后的自己写信。你想对未来的自己说些什么呢?
How do you want your future self to be like 1 year in the future?你想让自己1年后变成什么样子呢?
What are the different dreams and goals you would want to be realized by then?到那时你想实现的梦想和目标会有哪些不同呢?
What is your desired status of the areas of your life wheel at that time?那时你想要的人生轨迹和状态会是什么样的呢?
Career/Business/Studies? Finances? Family? Friends? Love? Health? Spirituality? Recreation? Personal growth? Contribution?职业/生意/学习?财政?家庭?朋友?爱情?健康?心灵?娱乐?个人成长?成就?
Once you’re done, sign off your name with today’s date. Safe keep your letter. Put the papers in an envelope. Seal it.写完后,别忘了在名字下面写上今天的日期。妥善保管你的信件,把信纸放在信封里,封上信封。
Set in your calendar to open your letter 1 year from now. Put this envelope in a safe place where no one can access to it.在日历上注明,1年后的今天你要打开这封信。把这封信放在安全的地方,确保别人看不到。
Live your life like you’ve never lived it before in the next 1 year. Open the letter 1 year later and relish in nostalgia, love and joy as you read the letter from yourself 1 year ago.在接下来的1年里,好好生活,用崭新的方式过生活。一年后打开信封,在怀旧却又爱意满满的欢乐气氛中享受读信的乐趣。
Write Your Letter To Your Future Self给未来的自己写封信
Take out a pen and paper right now and start writing your letter to your future self. Identify a time period to write to, imagine how you will be like during that time period, then start writing. Think about the type of person you will be, your place in life, what you would have accomplished then, the kind of thoughts and feelings you will experience, and so on.现在就拿出笔和纸,开始给未来的自己写封信吧。找个合适的时间,想象你在那段时间内会是什么样子,然后开始写信。想一想你想成为哪种人,你在生活中的位置、那时你的成就、你会有什么样的想法和感觉,诸如此类的内容。
At the end of the letter, seal it in an envelope, write the date to open it on the cover and put it in a safe storage space. Fix the date to open this letter in your personal calendar. When you open this sometime in the near future, you might gain additional insights about yourself and your journey in the past few years that you were oblivious to.写完信,把它装到信封里,在信封的封面上写上日期,把它妥善保管起来。在自己的日历中标记一下打开这封信的日期。当你以后打开信时,你可能会更好的洞察自己以及自己过去的生命历程。
北风那个吹~雪花那个飘~雪花那个飘春,来到(白毛女选段,俺艰难地蹒跚在一条不是路的路上,抬头望去,在凛冽的暴风雪中,俺隐约看见棉花糖一样的山峰就在前方,透出监考老师般的威严。俺心里暗骂,丫的,最讨厌的就是爬山了,何况是这个鬼天气出来爬山,平时这样的天气俺都窝在被卧里听流行歌曲的,可今……
哎,可怜,今天是高考的日子,为了能上好高中,为了能建设俺们的祖国,为了报答党的养育之恩(从小就背,都习惯了,当然最重要的是为了不再象老妈老爸那样下岗,每天天不亮就出去卖早点维持生计,俺痛苦地被命题专家们扔在了这荒山野地里,他们还告诉俺,在这样的鬼天气下,俺要是不赶紧找个避风的地方,必死无疑。
俺真的怕了,风哗啦啦吹呀,吹得我耳朵根发麻,就象刚才监考老师从身边走过一样难受,老师看人的眼神也亦如今天这山上的天气,阴冷的可怕……没办法多想,再乱想时间就不够交卷了,俺走啊走啊,忽然脚底下碰到一个僵硬的东西。神志不清的俺心里一颤,常听人说偏远的`地方容易发现财宝啊古董啊什么的,如果真是的话,俺肯定挖出来就回家,不参加恶心的愚民似的,俺爹娘也不用起早贪黑的忙乎生计,再也不用摆个小摊还跟做贼似的成天躲市容那帮土匪了,娘也再不用苦苦哀求那帮土匪,求他们别把俺家的混沌摊就地掀翻,把炉子扔进市容卡车。爹也再不用舍不得上医院抓感冒药了,再也不用求医生能不能把跟感冒不搭噶的补药划掉不开了……咱有钱了,哈……。
想着想着,俺不觉笑了,赶忙蹲下快僵硬的身子,扒开雪地一看,原来是一个冻僵的人。
“丫的,原来是一死鬼”俺不觉郁闷起来,当天上掉馅饼的梦象肥皂泡一样破灭后,俺又感觉到身上阴冷起来,这时候监考老师又绕到俺的背后,站了1分钟零28秒……俺气得忍不住站起来的时候踢了那人一脚,“恩~”靠,他还没死,在俺重重一脚的刺激下,这人本能的哼了一声。原来是活的,我嘟囔着蹲下身子,于是俺心里想:是救他呢还是继续前行?如果俺救他,可能俺们都会被冻死,因为这样的天气俺是没有能力带他走出这里,连俺自己也没有把握,如果不赶紧找个地方避一避风,俺可能下场跟这个僵死的人一样……俺没有弄醒他,俺在他身边堆了一个巨大的雪包,雪包上面压了一块俺登山时候,媳妇送俺的红肚兜,俺一直揣怀里。如果俺找到救援队,俺会通知人来救他……
又看了那个将死的人一眼,俺站了起来……
就在俺准备为了活命赶路的时候,俺又看见了讲台前站着的监考老师,目光犀锐,似乎在看着俺,仿佛在告诉俺,如果这样结束文章,俺的作文肯定不会及格了……俺胆怯了,俺爹娘指望我将来能有份象样的工作,俺也希望将来能有一天出入高级夜总会,开着公家的小车,搂着小蜜,白天开开会,喝喝茶,晚上吃吃饭,拿拿红包,有空就回家睡睡……而这都需要有一个好的背景,俺没有一个有钱有权的爹,俺不怪他,所以俺就必须要有文化,有文……那么首先要先考上大学……为了分数,俺……。
俺又蹲下来,把俺媳妇的肚兜重新揣进怀里,然后酝酿了一下劳动人民的情感,俺双手抓住那人的肩膀猛晃:“同志,同志,醒醒同志”那人还没醒,俺一看这样可不成,俺马上脱掉手套(话外音:哪个出题的孙子这么写俺?俺冻死了都要,还脱手套?,开始给那人按摩,其实小时侯听爹说过,人要冻僵了以后不能马上按摩,要先用雪水擦身子,然后放怀里捂着,不然马上按摩身子会烂掉的……可俺顾不了那么多了,反正是没文化的出题专家给的意见,不照办行嘛,俺对着那人按呀摸呀,他终于醒了过来,眼睛吃力的张开,那个人一听这些话,眼睛里泛着光,紧紧握着我的手,激动地哆嗦:“同志,我,我可找到组织了~”我被他这话感动了,忙说:“同志,你先休息一下,别忙谢俺,其实,我今天能这样做完全是党多年来对我的莘莘教育的好,是和领导的关心,组织上的信任分不开的。”那人对我这种高尚的品格显得很是崇拜,困难地从口袋掏出一纸条,照着纸条高声念到:“我感谢党和人民对我的关怀,在这样恶劣的条件下还有人救我,说明党没有抛弃我,没有忘掉我,我回去以后一定更加努力的工作,为把我国建设成为一个有中国特色的社会主义而努力奋斗,以报答党和国家比海深的恩情……” 够了!”俺冻的实在受不了,还要听着孙子的唠叨,要不是为了拿高分,俺费那劲跟你蘑菇,看着他奇怪地望着俺的眼神,俺意识到自己的失态,赶紧纠正说:“同志,快别念了,俺心里现在跟有一个小太阳似的,别提多温暖了,可是你看,天快黑了,咱还是赶紧赶路吧,领导都等着俺们回去呢,要是赶的及时,没准俺们上中央电视台的晚间新闻”“哦……哦”那人赶紧爬起来,俺跟他搀扶着向前走……暴风雪忽然小了,太阳出来了,俺仿佛看见棉花糖般的大山那头有一面旗帜,那分明是党的光辉,在给俺们指引回家的路……俺们蹒跚着前进……。
好了,老师提醒还有三分钟交卷子了,俺也该结尾了……通过这次活动俺深深到,只有学好马列主义并用三个代表武装自己,俺们才能成为新时代的。
the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, which is caused by the rotation of the earth as you all know. but have you ever thought of the effect of the earths rotation on man and can you imagine what would happen if the earth stopped rotating?
the radius of the earth is about 6,370 kilometres. it takes the earth 24 hours to rotate once. objects on the earths equator move with the earth at a speed of 460 metres per second, and the air close to the earths surface turns at the same speed. if the earth stopped rotating suddenly, the air would keep flowing eastward at a speed of 460 metres per second. the wind would be fourteen times as powerful as a hurricane. at the same time sea water would rush eastward at a speed of several hundred metres per second, which might do damages much greater than a seaquake would do. obviously, men could hardly stand such a catastrophe.
even if such a catastrophe would not happen, there would be a great temperature difference on the two hemispheres of the earth, and the four seasons of the year would no longer occur because a day and a night would be as long as a whole year instead of 24 hours. all this would greatly affect the life of human beings, imals and plants and that would cause worse results than anything imaginable.
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