There was a farmer in the Song Kingdom in ancient China. He worked in his field day after day. In good harvest years, he could only have enough food to eat and enough clothing to wear. If the field failed to produce enough crops, he had to go hungry. This farmer wanted to improve his life. But he was too lazy and too cowardly. He always dreamed of having unexpected fortune.
A miracle took place at last. One day, when he worked in the field, some people were hunting nearby. They shouted loudly one after another. Some little animals were running desperately. Suddenly, a hare dashed itself headlong against the stump of a dead tree in his field and died.
That day, he had a good meal.
From that day on, he no longer worked in his field. From morning till night, he stayed by that miraculous stump, waiting for another hare. Will the miracle happen again?
People often use the set phrase “staying by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it" to refer to persons dreaming to reap without sowing.
在战国时代的宋国,有一个农民,每天都很辛苦地在田地里干活.遇到好年景,也不过刚刚吃饱穿暖;要是遇到灾荒,他就得忍饥挨饿了.他很想能过上好一点的日子,可是他太懒,胆子又特小,干什么都是又懒又怕的,总是想着能碰到送上门来的意外之财就好了。
奇迹终于发生了。一天,他正在田里干活,一群打猎的人靠近了。吆喝之声四处起伏,受惊的小动物们没命地奔跑。突然, 有一只兔子,不偏不倚,一头撞死在他田边的树根上。
这天,他美美地饱餐了一顿。
从此,他就不再种地了,一天到晚守着那个神奇的.树根,等着奇迹再次出现。
人们后来就常用“守株待兔”这个成语来形容那些老梦想着不耕种就会有收获的人。
【汉字】守株待兔
【拼音】shǒu zhū dài tù
【基本释义】株:露出地面的树根。原比喻希图不经过努力而得到成功的侥幸心理。现也比喻死守狭隘,不知变通。 贬义词
【出处】汉·王充《论衡》:“犹守株待兔之蹊;藏身破置之路也。”
【近义词】刻舟求剑 固守成规 坐享其成 墨守成规 好逸恶劳 守株缘木 缘木求鱼
【反义词】通权达变 借坡下驴 标新立异 见风使舵 除旧布新 随机应变
Wolf, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea, which should justify to the Lamb himself his right to eat him. He thus addressed him:"Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I was not then born." Then said the Wolf, "You feed in my pasture."
"No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother′s milk is both food and drink to me." On which the Wolf seized him, and ate him up, saying, "Well! I won′t remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations."The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny.
狼和小羊
一只狼瞧见一只迷路失群的小羊,决定暂缓下毒手,想先找一些理由,对小羊证明自己有吃它的权利。它就说:「小鬼!你去年曾经骂过我。」小羊可怜地说:「老实说,我去年还没有出生呢。」狼再说:「你在我的草地上吃过草。」
小羊回答说:「不,好先生,我还未曾尝过草的味道呢。」狼又说:「你喝过我井里的.水。」小羊叫道:「不,我从没有喝过水,因为直到今天为止,我都是吃着母亲的奶汁。」狼一听这话,便抓住它,把它吃下去,便说:「好!即使你驳倒我每一句话,我终究要吃晚餐的!」暴君总有他暴行的借口。
宇宙如何开端?生命的起源是什么?源于人类内心最根本的求知欲,推动着我们不断地探索前行。霍金在《时间简史》的第一章,概括描述了人们从古至今对宇宙认知的发展,提出了在这个探索时间轴上的重要科学家及其贡献。为了更简洁的说明这一章的内容,我们先来建立一个时间轴简图,如图。
人类关于宇宙探索的时间轴
当今宇宙研究理论的基础,是艾萨克。牛顿爵士写的那本《数学的自然哲学原理》(历史上最伟大的科学著作,没有之一)。这位传说被一颗苹果砸开窍的伟大科学家,“站在巨人们的肩上”,为现代物理大厦奠定了坚实的数学基础(ps:关于牛顿的生平品格以及他奉献余生的炼金事业,请大家到网上查查,蛮有意思)。牛顿的万有引力定律,在太阳系的天体运动解释中十分成功。直到这个时候,人们还主要是从空间上认识宇宙,认为宇宙是绝对静止的空间。对于宇宙时间上的开端,在静止的假设前提下,变成了一个形而上学的问题。要想探索宇宙在时间上的开端,必须跳出经典物理的限制。当今描述宇宙的两大理论:爱因斯坦的广义相对论和量子力学,分别从近乎无限大的`尺度和近乎无限小(普朗克常数)的尺度研究了宇宙的结构及各种现象(光看数字的话0多的真是超乎想象,无论在小数点之前还是之后,绝对数的你头晕脑胀)。任何理论都需要事实去证实,否则只能是假想。提到这一点,埃德温哈勃是一位里程碑式的人物。他通过天文观测,不仅提出大尺度宇宙概念,还在1929年观测到星系正远离我们而去,证实了宇宙正在膨胀。这个发现暗示存在一个叫做大爆炸的时刻,当时宇宙的尺度无穷小,而且无限紧密。哈勃的研究,为当今最被广泛接受的宇宙大爆炸理论提供了有力的证据。
《时间简史》的第一章让我们大概了解了人类探究宇宙的历史,接下来的章节中会更详细的阐述现代宇宙理论和发现。图1中的时间轴也会不断地丰富起来。
My uncle has two dogs. One is big and the other is small. He likes them very much.
One day, Mr. Smith came to visit him. When the friend saw two holes in the door, a large hole and a small hole, he was surprised and said, ;My dear friend, why are there two holes in your door?; ;Let my dogs come in and come out, of course,; Mr. Smith asked. ;But why are there two holes? One is enough!; ;But how can the big dog go through the small hole?; my uncle said.
Sometimes a clever man may make such mistakes.
我的叔叔有两条狗。一只是大的,另一只是小狗的.。他很喜欢它们。
有一天,史密斯先生来看他。当这个朋友看见门口上有连个洞,一个是大洞和一个小洞时,他感到吃惊并说,;我亲爱的朋友,为什么你的门上有连个洞?;我的叔叔回答说:;当然是让我的两条狗进出了。 史密斯先生问到:"为什么门上要两个洞呢?一个就足够了。"我叔叔说:;大狗怎能走小洞呢?;
Fox is with the grape
Hungry of the fox see the grape to up hang the radiant and extremely keen grape of a string, saliva direct current, and want to pick to eat, but again
Can not take off.See in a short while, helplessly walked, and his side walk the side oneself to comfort to by oneself say:" this grape have noes familiar, affirmative
Is sour."
This is to say, and the some person's ability is small, and do to not accomplish anything, borrow to say the opportune moment immaturity.
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Wolf and egret
The wolf mistake swallowed a piece of bone, very suffered, running about, look for to visit the doctor everywhere.He met the egret, and talk to settle the service fees to invite him to take out the bone, egret to stretch in the wolf's throat the own head, and the 叼 outs bone, then toward to settle the good service fees wolfThe wolf answer says:" hello, friend, you can since the wolf 嘴 take back the head in the peace ground, and the difficult way return the dissatisfied foot, and how and still speak the guerdon?"
This story elucidation, guerdon badly person act charitably, and is a bad person of cognition and does not speak the reputation's innate character.
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Little boy and scorpion son
There is a child in front of city wall to catch the grasshopper, and in a short while caught the lots of.Suddenly see a scorpion son, he to think is also grasshopper,
Then two go to catch him.The scorpion son raises his poison to stab, say:" come, if you really dare to do like this, connect your grasshopper that catch to also would entirely lose."
This story warns people, and want to distinguish the pure good man with the bad person, and distinct to treat them.
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Drop at the fox in the well with the 公 goat
An only the fox take a wrong stepped the well, in spite of how he struggle can not still climb up, and have to be foolish there.The 公 goat feels
Thirsty pole, arrive at this well the side, and see the fox under the well, and then ask him the well water the how about it to drink?The fox feels the opportunity to come, heart inside
The 暗 pleaseds, right away the town quiet down, make every effort the laudation well water good drink, say this water is a world the first spring, pure and sweet and good to eat, and advise the goat to hurry up
Come down, and drink to heart's content with him.A the heart think only of to drink the water letter to think the true goat, then the without stopping to think ground jump downed to go to, and be his 咕咚咕 the 咚 painful
After finishing drinking, have to with the fox together totally the company ascend the well's way.Fox early contain preparation, he to archly say:" I pour to have a
Method.You pick with forepaw on the well wall, again Cape 竖直 , I behind carry on the back to jump up the well to go to from you, and pull you again to come up, we all
Save." the 公 goat agreed his proposal, fox to trample the feet of his empress, and jump he carry top on his back, and then make an effort from the Cape a
Jump, jump outed the mouth of a well.The fox go ups the hereafter, and the preparation alone escape.The 公 goat blames the fox and does not keep the 诺 speech.The fox returns overdo
Say to 公 goat:" hello, friend, beard that you of brains if resemble you are so perfect, you not to the extent of at did not see the pure exit it
Front blindly jump down to go to."
This story elucidation, cleverness of the person should to in advance think it over the affair's result, then just go to do.
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译文:
狐狸和葡萄
饥饿的狐狸看见葡萄架上挂着一串串晶莹剔透的葡萄,口水直流,想要摘下来吃,但又
摘不到。看了一会儿,无可奈何地走了,他边走边自己安慰自己说:“这葡萄没有熟,肯定
是酸的。”
这就是说,有些人能力小,做不成事,就借口说时机未成熟。
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狼与鹭鸶
狼误吞下了一块骨头,十分难受,四处奔走,寻访医生。他遇见了鹭鸶,谈定酬金请他取出骨头,鹭鸶把自己的头伸进狼的喉咙里,叼出了骨头,便向狼要定好的酬金。狼回答说:“喂,朋友,你能从狼嘴里平安无事地收回头来,难道还不满足,怎么还要讲报酬?”
这故事说明,对坏人行善的报酬,就是认识坏人不讲信用的.本质。
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小男孩与蝎子
有个小孩在城墙前捉蚱蜢,一会儿就捉了许多。忽然看见一只蝎子,他以为也是蚱蜢,
便着两手去捕捉他。蝎子举起他的毒刺,说道:“来吧,如果你真敢这样做,就连你捉的蚱蜢也会统统失掉。”
这故事告诫人们,要分辨清好人和坏人,区别对待他们。
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掉在井里的狐狸和公山羊
一只狐狸失足掉到了井里,不论他如何挣扎仍没法爬上去,只好呆在那里。公山羊觉得
口渴极了,来到这井边,看见狐狸在井下,便问他井水好不好喝?狐狸觉得机会来了,心中
暗喜,马上镇静下来,极力赞美井水好喝,说这水是天下第一泉,清甜爽口,并劝山羊赶快
下来,与他痛饮。一心只想喝水信以为真的山羊,便不假思索地跳了下去,当他咕咚咕咚痛
饮完后,就不得不与狐狸一起共商上井的办法。狐狸早有准备,他狡猾地说:“我倒有一个
方法。你用前脚扒在井墙上,再把角竖直了,我从你后背跳上井去,再拉你上来,我们就都
得救了。”公山羊同意了他的提议,狐狸踩着他的后脚,跳到他背上,然后再从角上用力一
跳,跳出了井口。狐狸上去以后,准备独自逃离。公山羊指责狐狸不信守诺言。狐狸回过头
对公山羊说:“喂,朋友,你的头脑如果像你的胡须那样完美,你就不至于在没看清出口之
前就盲目地跳下去。”
这故事说明,聪明的人应当事先考虑清楚事情的结果,然后才去做。
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1、足够巨大而致密的星体具有如此之强的引力场,以致光都被拉了进来而无法逸出,这种星体称为黑洞。
2、如何才能形成黑洞?
恒星是在大量气体,主要是氢,在自身吸引力下开始向其内部收缩时形成的,当它收缩时,气体原子越来越高的速度碰撞,气体炽热起来,最终气体变得如此之热,以致当氢原子碰撞时,它们不再相互反弹,而是相互融合成氦原子,增加的热量提高了气体压力,它可和引力平衡,于是气体停止收缩。恒星将最终耗尽氢和其他核燃料。(钱德拉塞卡极限:质量大于太阳约1.5倍的恒星可能无法抵抗他自己的引力以维持自身的平衡,这个质量称为钱德拉塞卡极限)如果恒星质量小于极限,他可能变成半径为几千英里,密度为每立方英寸几百吨重的白矮星。白矮星是靠其物质呈电子之间的不相容原理排斥力支撑的。
对于极限质量大约为太阳的1~2倍的恒星,还有一种最终状态,他们是靠中子和质子之间的不相容原理排斥力支撑的,他们被称为中子星,它们的半径只有十英里左右,而密度为每立方英寸几亿吨。
随着恒星收缩,其表面引力场越来越弱,最终一个时空区域,要从那里逃脱是不可能的,这个区域即为黑洞。
3、时空
根据广义相对论,黑洞内必有一密度无穷大的奇点,它是时间终点,无论是光还是其他信号都无法从该奇点到达别的地方。如果有宇航员进去的话,他可能看到裸露的奇点,他可能避开奇点坠入一个“蚯蚓洞”,并通过它在宇宙另一个区域出现,这位时空旅行提供了可能。
第四讲黑洞不太黑
热力学第二定律
鼓励的'系统熵永远不会随着时间的增加而减少,当两个系统合并时,合并的系统上大于单个的系统熵之和。
广义相对论和量子力学
如果一名宇航员掉进了黑洞,黑洞的质量将增加,最终,这部分增加的热量等价的能量将以辐射的形式返回宇宙。因此从某种意义上来讲,这名宇航员得到了再生。但,这种形式上的不灭是没有意义的,因其在黑洞内丧生时,他个人的时间概念肯定已经终结,即使是最终从黑洞发射出的粒子种类多半也会与构成这名宇航员的粒子不同,他唯一能够幸存的特征就是他的质量或能量。
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