由于说明文往往是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释,而这种客观的介绍与解释一般是不随时间和空间变化而改变的,比如:说明早锻炼的好处,介绍猫的`胡子的功能,解释臭氧层对人类生活的影响等等,是不受时间和空间影响的。因此,尽管有时为了特殊表达的要求,会在个别地方采用其他时态,英语说明文的基本时态还是一般现在时。下面这篇由香港学生写的充分反映了说明文的这一特点。
The Way to Achieve Success
Many successful people say that they owe much of their success to the cultivation (培养) of certain good habits in early life. In forming good habits, I think we should pay attention to four things, that is, honesty, industry (勤勉), enthusiasm (热情), and thrift (节俭)。
“Honesty is the best policy”。 This is a proverb to which we must pay attention. There are so many temptations (诱惑) in society that through a little carelessness we may go astray (走入歧途)。 But when we are honest, people will not be dishonest to us.
Industry gives every man and woman, every boy and girl, proper work to do. To do nothing is to ruin oneself.
Enthusiasm is a great force. One's soul will expand if one devotes (贡献) oneself to a noble cause. The difficulties in our way are tremendous (巨大的), but what can we not accomplish (取得), if with enthusiasm?
There are many proverbs which set forth (陈述) the advantages (好处) of thrift. Since we live in a world where money is a very powerful thing, we should always try to save part of our earnings for future use.
These are the four things to which we must pay attention. It is only in this way that we can achieve success.
It\'s the New Year\'s Day today. I got up very early! I heard the bird singing in the trees. After breakfast, my mum, my father and I went to the local park. Everything was beautiful there.
We saw many boats in the lake. Later on, we went to my grandfather\'s home. There are many trees and some flowers.
At seven o\'clock, we went home. It\'s a happy day today.
“十年寒窗无人问,一举成名天下知”,这是在劝人们要去学习,在我看来,这未尝不是讽刺,十年孤苦,没有人会对你有着一丝一毫的关心,金榜题名,似乎全天下的人都争先恐后地赶来像你套近乎。“朝为田舍郎,暮登天子堂”,一时之间,风光无限。这世上的人,喜欢“果”好像是一种特性,凤凰浴火,是新的开始,从此往后便是人上人,不问过往,只谈现在风光,这是诱惑。
每做一件事,都是有所求的,只是有的人求功名利禄,有的人求心静如水,有的人求流芳百世。佛家的因果,在一定程度上是在劝人向善,因果循环,善有善报恶有恶报,所以在做出决定的一刹那,会有所考虑,然后向好的一方面靠近。只是人们对于生活乃至精神的追求,他们在乎的往往会在不知不觉间变成“果”,或者说,从一开始人们所追求的就是一个“果”。
总有一些名人,喜欢在自己人生已经到达一个制高点的\'时候,开始写传记。他们的内容,无非是自己的拼搏,自己的锲而不舍,自己的善于把握机遇。而大部分人也会想着要从中吸取什么教训,我在想,要是没有最后的成功,谁会把自己的人生写成一本书,勉励自己还是缅怀过去。无疑,没有最后的成功,这些传记都是废纸。
记得在《悟空传》里,悟空挥舞着如意金箍棒,向这个天地诉说,“这个天地,我来过,我奋战过,我深爱过,我不在乎结局。”是啊,他不在乎,不必在乎,不能在乎。单只是这样一个身影便足矣在万千神佛的心上,留下一个再也抹不去的印记,这是天地间一个伟大叛逆者,一个真正的勇士,敢于向神灵发起自己权利的争夺。只有想他这样轰轰烈烈的过程,才可以真真正正的不在乎结果。
我不反对人们追求过程,我只是厌恶那些打着追求过程,却不认真对待过程的人,他们在人生的最后时间告诉世人,自己只是缺少了机遇。从现在开始,认真的对待你的每一分钟,把自己所能做到的事情,以最好的样子展现在人们面前。那样子的你,才可以不用通过过程,来让人们记住你的“果”。
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