好不容易迎来了一个星期天,妈妈带我去动物园玩。
这里的动物可真多,有美丽的孔雀、笨重的狗熊、凶猛的老虎,还有身体庞大的大象……我最喜欢顽皮的猴子了,就不停地催促妈妈快去猴山。
猴山上猴子真不少,猴子们上蹿下跳、你来我往,好不热闹。它们有的在玩荡秋千,有的在争抢游客扔的食物,有的在山上追逐打闹,不时地传出叽叽哇哇的叫声。只见一只小猴子从山洞里窜出来,向山下跑去。紧接着,一只猴妈妈模样的老猴子从山洞里追出来,一把抓住小猴子的尾巴,硬是把小猴子给拖了回来。可小猴子真是太贪玩了,总是想逃,但猴妈妈却紧紧抓住它的尾巴,丝毫不肯放松。可怜的小猴子急得叽叽直叫,尾巴上的毛都被拽掉了。看到这儿,我不禁有点怪猴妈妈的狠心了。
围着猴山转一圈,不断可以见到有人向猴子们扔食物,食物多的地方自然也就成了猴子们打斗的场所。瞧那两只猴子,它们可真有意思!一只猴子抢起玉米棒啃上两口,然后把玉米棒夹在怀里赶紧向远处跑,找到了个偏僻的角落吃起来。
另一只猴子趁其不备,一把将它的玉米棒打掉在地上,还朝它踢了一脚,捡起玉米棒溜之大吉!被踢的猴子满脸怒火,立刻向“侵略者”追去。那个“侵略者”显然实力强大,气急败坏赶来的那只猴子不仅没有讨回棒子,反而又被踹了一脚。受害的一方自知不是人家的对手,于是就甘愿败下阵来,灰溜溜地离开,去找别的食物了。来看热闹的一群小猴子也都因为战斗结束而走开了,而几只贪吃的大猴子却经受不住这美味的诱惑,想冲上去较量一番……
没想到,动物界中也会发生如此惨烈的争斗,真是“弱肉强食,适者生存”呀!
不知是谁给这棵毛茸茸的植物起了个形象又有些可笑的名字:狗尾草。像这种理应是首先铲除的对象,可我却要高声赞美这野草。
狗尾草有着藤蔓的坚韧,曾经你是否拔过狗尾草,是否也想过把它拦腰截断?可事实上你往往是将它连根拔起,它的茎却安然无恙,如果不用力的话,这株看似柔弱的野草是怎么扯也扯不断的,它的抗折性远远超出你的想象,它那空心纤弱的身躯能承受多大的能量!我要赞美狗尾草,赞美它的坚韧。
狗尾草有着翠竹的挺拔。即使它头重脚轻,几乎不符合生长规律,即使它的茎杆只有一层薄薄的皮,即使它的根只有浅浅的几厘米——它依然挺立在那儿,有的甚至能长到半米多高。即便如此他也不肯低下头,努力挺直身板,想要做到挺拔。无论身上的负担有多大,都能努力站直不失尊严,这是我们很多人都欠缺的一种精神,却出现在了不符合生长规律的狗尾草上,我要赞美这狗尾草,赞美它的挺拔。
狗尾草有着小草的生命力。你几乎可以在任何地方看见它的身影:山中,草地上,田野里,石缝中……
它的生命力极强,几乎可以在任何地方生根发芽,完全不比野草逊色,也曾尝试铲除过一片狗尾巴草,但到了来年,又能看见它们摇曳的身姿,甚至比原来更密,更有生机,用“春风吹又生”来形容它们是在恰当不过了。这种除不尽的草,本是遭人厌的,可我仍要赞美它,赞美它的顽强的生命力。
狗尾草,或许在人们的眼中它只是野草,或许诗歌中不曾提到它,但我却要赞美它,赞美它的坚韧,赞美它的挺拔,赞美它的顽强,真希望自己也是一株狗尾草。
时间状语和地点状语,都是你的扩句好朋友,不信我们来看:
Most female consumers and their girlfriends shop unwisely and spend too much money in their early ages.(时间状语
Most female consumers and their girlfriends shop unwisely and spend too much money on luxurious purchases.(名词状语
Most female consumers and their girlfriends shop unwisely and spend too much money on souvenirs.(名词状语
即使是状语,也可以通过叠加将句子变得更加丰满。有能力的烤鸭当然可以通过状语从句定语从句等等来让句子更不一样。
一、何为“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”。
很多雅思写作考题的提问方式都是“Do you agree or disagree?”或者“To what extent do you agree or disagree?”。很多刚刚接触雅思的学生甚至是老师认为对于这种提问方式无非就是yes或no两种答案,所以文章的观点也就只能是同意或者不同意了。其实,对于这类提问,也可以采用“折衷”的观点,即“partly agree,partly disagree”(部分同意,部分不同意)。但是前提是一定要在文章中从支持和反对的两方面都阐述一些理由,而且最好再提出一种“折衷”方案。例如,考题问“现在很多人用动物做试验,你同意吗?”,考生可以在文中分别讨论支持和反对动物试验的理由,最后提出动物试验既有好处也有坏处,这就是一种“折衷”观点。除此之外,作者还提出了是否能用动物来做试验主要是取决于试验是否能给人类生活带来显著的改善(比如帮助人类发明治疗Aids的药物),这就属于“折衷”方案。
二、“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”的几种形式。
那么如何提出“折衷观点”呢?“折衷方案”又有哪几种形式呢?下面笔者将对常见的几种安排折衷观点和折衷方案的\'形式,结合相应的考题进行总结。
(1) 兴利除弊
“兴利除弊”应该是一种比较简单的折衷方案,在优缺点类文章中特别常用。即在分析完考题所涉及事物的优缺点之后,在结尾段提出“优缺点都有,我们要兴利除弊”这样的折衷方案。例如以下考题:
The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
在讨论完英语作为全球性语言的利与弊之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷观点:
To sum up, it is difficult to tell whether or not the advantages outweigh the disadvantages regarding the spread of English as a global language. What we may have to consider is how to accept this trend as positive while at the same time staying away from its drawbacks.
(2) 平衡发展
很多考题需要考生讨论两种观点,通常会有“discuss both views and give your own opinion”这样的提问要求。很多情况下,文中说到的两种观点表面上看来是完全相反,但其实并不矛盾,可以用“平衡发展”的思路来提出观点。例如考题:
Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.
在讨论完发展旅游的必要性和保护文化传统的重要性之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷方案:
We should find the right balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I believe the government has a very important role to play here. In my own country, for example, many tourist cities have made effective development plans to successfully attract large numbers of visitors while still preserving their distinct cultural traditions.
(3) 取决于……
有时在讨论完A和B两种观点以后,可以提出类似于“同意A还是B要取决于……”这样的折衷观点,前文讲到的动物试验是否可以进行取决于试验的性质就是属于这样的方案。再比如下面这个例子:
Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
在讨论完动物当宠物养的理由和动物当食物吃的理由之后,结尾段可以这样提出观点:
From my point of view, there is no absolute answer as to whether animals should be treated like pets or as sources of food and clothes. It largely depends on what kinds of animals they are. But what remains undoubted is that we should treat animals with a humane attitude and bear in mind that they are important in preserving nature’s ecological equilibrium.
(4) 解决方法
很多双边讨论型文章中所讨论的两种观点其实是可以通过某种方案来“化解矛盾”的,例如这道考题:
In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should wok in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.
在讨论完“支边”的利(缩小城乡差距)与弊(年轻人丧失自由)之后,我们可以提出这样一种解决方案:
The best solution, therefore, is not to order, but to encourage. We should instill a sense of responsibility in young people and give more incentives to those who are willing to work in difficult areas, so that we can address the problem of urban-rural disparity while respecting whatever decisions new teachers or doctors have made.
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