对于大学的期待英文作文【一】
姓名：党权 班级：14级法律硕士（非法学） 学号：内容提要：本采用倒叙的次序，从第四十二章一直到第二章，共七章零一节。其中以第四十二章和第八章的前两节为重点，第四十二章个人论述较多，第八章概括总结笔记较多。其余章节多为个人的归纳笔记。
第四十二章 数人侵权行为与责任
（一） 数人侵权行为概述
（二）共同侵权行为与责任
通过第一节认识到“数人侵权行为”这一概念是与单独侵权行为对应的。其种类的区分以责任的承担方式为标准。而责任的承担方式有两种：连带责任和按份责任。其中《民法通则》第130条、《侵权责任法》第8条规定了承担连带责任的侵权行为，即共同侵权行为。《侵权责任法》第12条规定了按份承担责任的侵权行为。此处有一个疑问：数人侵权行为的区分以承担责任方式的不同做区分，那么承担责任的方式又以什么确定呢？从法条上来看，如何承担责任还是以其行为为依据的，因此，其本质上数人侵权行为的区分是以行为本身的不同为依据。书上所讲以承担责任方式的不同来区分数人侵权行为的种类，是为了教学方便。如果不明白这一点，就会陷入“鸡生蛋还是蛋生鸡”的逻辑怪圈里面。
回过头来看怎样区分数人侵权行为关键在于“共同”二字，法条上明确规定：共同侵权者，承担连带责任；分别实施侵权行为者，承担按份责任。因此，我们区分数人侵权行为，要注意行为主体是否有“共同”的合意（共同的故意）或者客观情况（此类情况指共同的过失；无意思联络数人侵权行为的直接结合）。此处有一地方殊值注意：在一方故意、一方过失的情况下，是否可以谓之“共同”是有争议的。照常理讲‘共同的过失’其恶性小于‘一方故意、一方过失’，因此前者既然谓之“共同”，举轻以明重，后者当然应该谓之“共同”。但细心者会发现其中的不同：不论是“共同的故意”还是“共同的过失”，其行为主体的.主观恶性大小是一样的，没有孰大孰小之分，由此承担连带责任有其正当性；但是“在一方故意、一方过失的情况下”，故意一方的主观恶性显然大于过失的一方，如此一来共同的责任承担方式对过失方不公平，似乎有违民法的公平原则。看到这里，感觉豁然开朗；从心里觉得民法不再是枯燥无味的，而是鲜活生动起来了，充满了逻辑趣味性和人文关怀。
从《侵权责任法》第14条可以看出，该共同侵权行为的连带责任，对行为主体而言，对外是连带的，对内是按份的。也即受害人可以向任何单个或多个连带责任人主张其承担该共同行为的全部责任；多个连带责任人之间要共同分担赔偿，或者按比例（能确定各自责任大小），或者平均（难以确定各自责任大小）。这样的规定既最大程度上保证了受害人求偿实现的可能性，又杜绝了某些侵权人免于赔偿的情况，能起到惩罚教育作用。即便是受害人也无权仅免除部分加害人的责任，而让另外的加害人承担全部责任。向未承担责任的侵权人进行追偿是已经承担责任的侵权人的权利，受害人无权干涉。从这样的规定里面，我
们处处可以看到公平原则的光芒在闪烁。
最后，值得注意的是连带责任的正当性源于两点：一、行为主体的主观恶性更大，二、一般而
言损害程度更加严重。
连带责任的承担正当性源于“共同的故意”或“共同的过失”。
（三）教唆、帮助行为及其责任
教唆者、帮助者与被教唆者、被帮助者都是完全民事行为能力人时，构成共同侵权，承担连带责任。
教唆：利用一定方式对他人进行开导、说服，或者通过怂恿、刺激，利诱等方法使对方接受意图。教唆可由过失构成。
共同侵权构成要件：
（1）教唆与侵权行为的因果性。
（2）主观上的共同过错（故意或者过失）。
（3）完全民事行为能力。
帮助：通过提供工具、指示目标或者以语言激励等方式在物质上或精神上帮助他人实施侵权。共同侵权构成要件：
（1）帮助行为与加害行为都已实施。
（2）主观上的共同过错。
（3）完全民事行为能力人。
教唆者、帮助者教唆、帮助无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的，由教唆帮助者承担侵权责任；此外监护人根据监护情况承担相应的监护责任。
教唆者、帮助者与被教唆者、被帮助者都是限制民事行为能力人或者无民事行为能力时，对内成立连带责任、对外适用监护人责任。
（四）共同危险行为与责任
共同危险行为又称为准共同侵权行为，主要为了解决无法确定具实际侵权人的情况。给受害人以保障。构成要件：
（1）主体二人以上；
（2）每个人单独实施完成危险行为；
（3）每人有独立过错；
（4）不能确定损害后果具体由谁造成。
怎人承担方式为连带，内部可以进行追偿。
免责事由：《侵权责任法》与《人身损害赔偿解释》规定不同；前者主张只有找到实际侵权人，才能免除自己的责任，后者主张行为人只要证明自己的行为与损害后果之间没有因果关系即可免责。
（五）无意思联络的数人侵权行为与责任
行为人之间无共同的过错，只是由于数个行为的结合导致的同一损害后果。
《人身损害赔偿解释》将之分为直接结合和间接结合；前者承担连带责任，后者承担按份责任。 《侵权责任法》区分连带责任与按份责任的要点在于是否存在因果关系累积。即每个人的行为与损
害结果之间都有完全的因果关系，每个人的行为都足以造成全部损害结果。不存在累积因果关系时，责任大小如果能确定，则个承担相应责任，不能确定责任大小时，平均承担。
第三十八章 侵权行为归责原则
（一） 概念与体系
概念辨析：归责就是确定责任的归属；归责原则指在加害行为人的行为致他人损害发生之后，据以确定责任由何方当事人承担的原则。
侵权行为的归责原则，是指归责的一般规则，是据以确定行为人承担民事责任的根据和标准，也是贯穿于侵权行为法之中、并对各个侵权行为规则起统帅作用的指导方针。在侵权行为法中居于核心地位，受民法基本原则的指导。
体系构成：各归责原则构成的具有逻辑联系的系统结构。本书认为归责原则的体系主要取决于三个因素：民法基本原则、侵权法功能的实现、立法政策倾向。我国的归责原则体系包括两种原则，分别是过错责任原则（包括过错推定）和无过错责任原则。
（1） 过错责任原则
概念辨析：也称为过失责任原则，指以行为人的过错作为归责根据的原则。是侵权行为的一般归责原则。
两层含义：一、以行为人的过错作为责任的构成要件，行为人具有故意或者过失才可能承担责任。
二、以行为人的过错程度作为确定责任形式、责任范围的依据。受害人、共同侵权人的过错都要考虑在内。
一个注意：该原则要求行为人善尽对他人的谨慎和注意义务，努力避免损害后果。
过错推定：在某些侵权行为的构成中，法律推定行为人实施该行为时具有过错。行为人可以通过证明自己没有过错来获得免责的效果，因此又称为过错举证责任的倒置。
（2） 无过错责任原则
概念辨析：不问行为人主管是否具有过错，只要有行为、损害后果及二者之间的因果关系，就应承担民事责任的归责原则。只有在法律有明确规定时才能适用。
随着社会发展，无过错责任因应资本主义机器大生产导致的事故而出现。
三个含义：一、不以行为人的过错为构成要件。
二、其适用必须有法律的明确规定。
三、在无过错责任原则下，仍然存在免责事由。
第三十九章 一般侵权行为构成要件
（一） 概述
构成要件，即构成一般侵权行为所必须具备的条件；受侵权行为归责原则的影响。
此处所讲一般侵权行为的构成要件，是以构成损害赔偿责任的侵权行为为背景。除损害赔偿责任外，构成停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、返还财产等责任时，不以损害后果为要件；承担停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、返还财产等责任时也不以过错为要件。
注意如果有免责事由的出现，即使侵权行为的构成要件全都具备，行为人也无需承担侵权责任。
（二） 行为
侵害他人权利或者合法利益的加害行为本身。合法利益成为侵权对象时，在过错方面有更高的要求。包括作为和不作为。
作为的侵权行为违反的是权利不得非法侵犯的一般义务。
不作为的侵权行为除了违反权利不得非法侵犯的一般义务，还违反了作为义务；作为义务的产生有以下几种情况：法律规定、服务关系、契约上义务、自己之前行为及公序良俗。有的直接构成侵权行为，有的则与过错的认定有关。
（三） 损害事实
他人的财产或者人身利益所遭受的不利影响，包括财产损害、非财产损害，非财产损害又包括人身损害、精神损害。
我国《侵权行为法》在一般意义上采最广义的损害概念，包括现实的已经存在的不利后果，也包括构成现实威胁的不利后果。从这个意义上讲，损害事实是所有侵权责任的构成要件。
三大特征：一、损害事实是侵害合法权益的结果；
二、损害事实具有可补救性；
三、损害事实的确定性。
两大种类：一、财产损害，即因为侵害权利人的财产、人身而造成的受害人经济上的损失。
二、非财产损害，即因侵害权利人的人身利益而造成的受害人无法用金钱计量的损害；但金钱赔偿却是救济非财产损害的重要途径。
因果关系
因果关系：各种现象之间引起与被引起的关系。侵权法上的因果关系包括两种：责任成立的因果关系和责任范围的因果关系。前者指行为与权益受侵害之间的因果关系；后者指权益受侵害与损害之间的因果关系。
其意义：对侵权责任加以限定，一方面使受害人得到救济，另一方面不至于无限扩大责任范围，限制行为自由。
事实因果关系：既指行为与权益被侵害之间客观存在的因果关系；又指有证据证明的可能构成侵权行为的因果关系。是一种客观存在。
法律因果关系：既指事实因果关系中具有法律意义的部分因果关系；又指事实因果关系中构成侵权行为要件的因果关系。是一种主观判断。
相当因果关系，与直接因果关系相对。发源于生理学家Von Kries，其在法律上应用数学上的可能性理论与社会学的统计分析方法，认为客观上事件发生的可能性，可作为说明因果关系的一项要素。
包括两个要素，条件关系和相当性。前者指行为与权益被损害之间具有条件关系；后者指具备条件关系的行为与权益被侵害之间的关系达到一定程度，从而使得该行为人对权益的被侵害承担法律后果具有正当性。用通俗的话来表达是：无此行为，不必生此种损害，由此行为通常即足以生此种损害者，是为有因果关系。
（四） 过错
概念辨析：行为人应受责难的主观状态。其考察的是行为人在行为时的主观状态，与行为本身不同。但是在绝大多数情况下，主观状态需要通过行为本身来考察。
两大形式：一、故意。民法中的故意和刑法中的一样，指行为人明知自己的行为会发生侵害他人权益的结果，并且希望或者放任这种结果发生的主观状态。
二、过失。行为人应当预见自己的行为可能发生侵害他人权益的结果，但却因为疏忽大意而没有预见，或者已经预见而轻信能够避免的主观状态。民法通说又将过失分为重大过失和一般过失，重大过失和故意相提并论。
过失存在的前提是有注意义务，违反了注意义务即会造成过失。法律对注意义务的认定、对过失的认定采客观化标准，以一个理性人在当事人所处情境下所做的反应作为注意标准。例如在《道路交通安全法中》，过错是根据违章来认定的。
汉德公式：P表示概率，L表示损害，B表示预防成本，若B<P·L，则说明被告预防损失的成本低于给他人造成损失的成本，此时被告被认为是有过失的。该公式反映了人们认定过失时的思维过程，具有启发性。
过错推定，和因果关系推定的考虑因素基本相同，一般情况都是行为人比受害人更有条件、能够以更低的成本证明过错的不存在。
第二十四章 双务合同履行中的抗辩权
（一） 概述
符合法定条件时，当事人一方对抗对方当事人的履行请求权，暂时拒绝履行其债务的权利。是合同效力的表现，是一时的、延缓的抗辩权，是对抗辩权人保护手段，是债权保障的法律制度。
（二） 同时履行抗辩权
概念：双务合同的当时一方在对方未为对待给付以前，可拒绝履行自己的债务的权利。
其存在基础是双务合同的牵连性，即给付与对待给付具有不可分离的关系；这里面又分为发生上的牵连性、存续上的牵连性、功能上的牵连性。
构成要件：（1）因同一双务合同互负债务；
（2）双方互负的债务均已届清偿期；
（3）对方未履行或者未提出履行债务；
（4）对方的对待给付是可能履行的。
适用范围：主要是双务合同，及二人合伙的合伙合同， 为第三人利益合同中也有适用余地。也适用于连带之债。
对于大学的期待英文作文【二】
洗星海生活在一个非常贫困的家庭，全家都靠打鱼为生，他一出生就没有了爸爸，和妈妈、外公相依为命。星海自小就很喜欢音乐，他用海螺、贝壳、破罐儿制成乐器，将自己只听过几遍的音乐用筷子敲打着发出很美妙的声音。后来星海非常想上学，他的妈妈曾便当手镯让他上学，可是他手当了同学们的欺负，是教书先生产生误会，而被开除。
天有不测风云，他外公出海丧生，这无疑是对他们雪上加霜。无奈之下，妈妈带着他去投奔亲戚，在姨妈的帮助下，星海又一次进入了学校，遇见了肖老师，从此勤学苦练，开始了他的音乐生涯，他边读书，边学习，终于成了一名著名音乐家，实现了他的梦想。
电影其中有一段台词让我记忆深刻，星海问肖老师；“音乐为什么那么伟大，音乐家为什么这么贫穷呢？”老师回答他的话说：“人得贫穷和富裕不是用金钱来衡量的精神也是财富。”我们想想，当你弥留之际的时候，你留在世上的金钱、权利、地位没有一样是可以带走的，唯有你在世界上创造出有价值的事物，才会永远留在世上，永垂不朽。“
看完这部影片后，我陷入了沉思。星海的'生活环境是那样的恶劣，而他却坚强不息，终于实现他的梦想。今天的我们是何等的幸福，我们的家舒适温暖，还有爸爸妈妈对我们精心的养育；我们的学校宽敞明亮，设施齐全，还有老师无微不至的关心与教育，但我们经常意志松懈，目标不明，因此，现在的我们要更加努力的学习，像洗星海一样做一个自强不息，有作为的人。
对于大学的期待英文作文【三】
走上楼梯，来到第一个馆，首先映入眼帘的是两幅巨大的黑白画像，旁边的解说牌竟然说它们是用香灰制成的，不可思议！左边的画是耶稣与十二门徒，右边是孔子与他的弟子，他们分别是东，西方的文化代表。这两幅画只有黑，白，灰三种颜色，却能把人物刻画得入木三分，轮廓分明，实在难得。
上面我只看到画，那么下面就不止了。
来到第二个馆，眼前的景象让我为之一振：一具有硅胶做的孔子的的裸体被泡在一个巨大的水池中，心脏处在夸张的起伏，律动着。
不过这东西确实非常令我这个小学生费解，于是，表姐为我作了一个详细的说明：“你看，人们把孔子泡在水中，那么你想想，如果这水是当代社会，孔子是沉是浮呢？不过孔子还有这微弱的心跳，可是他看上去非常苍老，疲惫。“经表姐这么一点拨，我茅塞顿开。
孔子是两千多年前的`一位大教育家，思想家。他的思想，言论在那时收到了许多人的追捧，门下弟子更是数不胜数，虽说他的书流传至今，被列为名著，但却没有几人在不折不扣地应用或赞同孔子的思想，这是个什么原因？答案有两个，一是新的中国社会竞争非常激烈，不竞争就会被排到社会底层，而孔子的东西则对这些不沾边儿，毕竟时代不同。二是众所周知，孔子是一位大圣人，而人，总是大同小异，被称为圣人那就是因为他与其他人是小同大异的！所以圣人多半是孤独的，可他们自己却老是感觉不到，所谓是圣人心，无人知啊！
不过，我还想问一句，为什么展览馆中除了偶尔会有几个中国人出现，其他清一色全是外国人。对于这个我只有一句可言：看来现在还是外国出圣人的概率高一些。
对于大学的期待英文作文【四】
这部影片记叙的是晋国时期赵氏遭人陷害，三百人被诛，只剩下一个孤儿，被大夫程婴收养，将他抚养成人并报其***父之仇的事。
这部影片，刻画了许多有血有肉的人物，其中有两个人物给我留下了深刻的印象。一个是程婴，另一个是屠岸贾。
程婴，晋国大夫。他是一个能以大局为重，以他人利益为重的人。当年，赵氏遭诛，庄姬夫人走投无路时，将其子托付于程婴，并以身殉夫。程婴将其子带回家，却在去公孙大人家时，赵氏孤儿被奉屠岸贾之命的官兵带走。但他却铭记着庄姬夫人临死前说的话，于是他便历尽千辛万苦最终救回了赵氏孤儿，却牺牲了自己的孩子和妻子。
痛心之余，他便一心想着要将孩子抚养大，为他报仇。于是，他将赵氏孤儿取名为“程勃”，并将他带到了屠岸贾的门下，做他的一位门客。试问，这需要多大的勇气啊。在屠岸贾的门下，他以超乎常人想象的毅力将程勃抚养成人。最终，“皇天不负有心人”，屠岸贾终于遭到报应，终于倒在了程勃，倒在了赵氏孤儿的刀下。但他为此付出了毕生的努力，付出了自己宝贵的生命。
程婴的以大局为重的'精神感动着千千万万的观者，也给人以深深的启迪。司马迁曾说过：“人固有一死或轻于鸿毛，或重于泰山。”如果说程婴最后的下场是重于泰山，那么若是他未能将赵氏孤儿抚养成才的话，那他的死就是轻于鸿毛，微不足道了。
程婴的精神让我们敬佩，屠岸贾的嘴脸却让我们厌恶。
屠岸贾，晋国大臣。却实在“奸”得可以，相对于三国时的曹操而言，真可谓是“有过之而无不及”啊！影片中，他在赵相国向皇帝进酒时，乘机诬陷他，并要灭赵氏全族。其狼子野心真叫人胆颤！即使灭了赵氏三百人，他却连赵氏孤儿也不肯放过，定要斩草除根。但再以大局为重，舍小家而保大国的程婴面前，他也只能俯首而退。
俗话说得好：“好有好报，恶有恶报，不是不报，时辰未到”。果然，十五年后，他终于遭到了报应，死在了赵氏孤儿的剑下。真叫人怡然称快。像屠岸贾这种人，在当时，就是一个社会的败类。从他身上，我真正的明白了三国时期刘备的一句话：“勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。”如今，我们做为一个公民，做为社会上的一员，更应该多为社会做贡献，为社会注入新的活力。而不应该，一味的去干坏事，没有一颗善良之心，没有一颗关爱之心，没有一颗互助之心，没有一颗感恩之心。那只会像屠岸贾一样，遭到人们的排斥，成为社会的败类。
每部影片都不同，每部影片也都发人深省。从《赵氏孤儿》中，我明白了做人的道理，他就像指路明灯，照亮了我前进的道路。观看了这部影片，我的心情至此还犹如汹涌澎湃的大海，久久不能平静，或许这就是影片的独特魅力所在吧！
对于大学的期待英文作文【五】
This is a story about a special and unreserved woman who has been exposed to a hostile environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life. The story can be interpreted as a symbol of the independent spirit.
It seems to me that many readers’ English reading experience starts with Jane Eyer. I am of no exception. As we refer to the movie “Jane Eyer”, it is not surprising to find some differences because of its being filmized and retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.
Jane Eyer was a born resister, whose parents went off when she was very young, and her aunt，the only relative she had，treated her as badly as a ragtag. Since Jane’s education in Lowwood Orphanage began, she didn’t get what she had been expecting——simply being regarded as a common person, just the same as any other girl around. The suffers from being humiliated and devastated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything else.As a reward of revolting the ruthless oppression, Jane got a chance to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden. There she made the acquaintance of lovely Adele and that garden’s owner, Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. Jane expected to change the life from then on, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal wife, who seemed to be the shadow following Rochester and led to his moodiness all the time ----Rochester was also a despairing person in need of salvation. Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own principles, because she was Jane Eyer. The film has finally got a symbolist end: Jane inherited a large number of legacies and finally returned. After finding Rochester ’s misfortune brought by his original mad wife, Jane chose to stay with him forever.
I don’t know what others feel, but frankly speaking, I would rather regard the section that Jane began her teaching job in Thornfield as the film’s end----especially when I heard Jane’s words “Never in my life have I been awaken so happily. ” For one thing, this ideal and brand-new beginning of life was what Jane had been imagining for long as a suffering person; for another, this should be what the audiences with my views hoped her to get. But the professional judgment of producing films reminded me to wait for a totally different result: There must be something wrong coming with the excellence----perhaps not only should another section be added to enrich the story, but also we may see from the next transition of Jane’s life that “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you would get.”
What ’s more, this film didn’t end when Jane left Thornfield. For Jane Eyer herself, there should always be somewhere to realize her great ideal of being independent considering her fortitude, but for Rochester, how he can get salvation? The film gives the answer tentatively: Jane eventually got back to Rochester. In fact, when Jane met Rochester for the first time, she scared his horse and made his heel strained, to a certain extent, which meant Rochester would get retrieval because of Jane. We can consider Rochester’s experiences as that of religion meaning. The fire by his frantic wife was the punishment for the cynicism early in his life. After it, Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman whom he loved. Here we can say: human nature and divinity get united perfectly in order to let such a story accord with the requirements of both two sides. The value of this film may be due to its efforts to explore a new way for the development of humanism under the faith of religion.
对于大学的期待英文作文【六】
I read the Chinese version of “Camille” a few years ago. At that time I was deeply moved by the main character Marguerite Gautier. “Camille” or “The Lady of the Camellias” by Alexandre Dumas, fils, is the story of Marguerite Gautier, a young courtesan, or kept woman, in Paris in the mid 1800's, and how she falls in love with a young man, Armand Duval, and then tries to escape from her questionable past. Unfortunately, it comes back to haunt her and she ends up returning to that life and dies painfully and alone, but with the knowledge that she was a noble woman at heart. When I first began to read the book, I did not care for Marguerite or her attitude or lifestyle, but as I got further into the narrative, I realized that her saucy attitude was a front to cover the lonely woman that she really was. She felt used, abused and unloved, until the gentle Armand Duval came into her life and showed her that he loved her as a person and not for what she could do for him. It must have taken great courage for Marguerite to leave the life she had lived for so long, knowing all along that it was probably too good to be true and would not last indefinitely. And it also showed that Marguerite really loved Armand Duval for she could even change herself for him.
However, happiness didn’t last for long. When M. Duval, Armand's father, came to her, pleading for her to leave Armand to save both Armand's reputation and that of his younger innocent sister, Marguerite saw a way to become pure of heart, if not in body. She felt that it was her duty, because she loved Armand so much, to do this even though it meant giving up her own happiness and hurting Armand temporarily. She reluctantly returned to her former life, knowing that.some day Armand would forgive her. Sadly, she died in debt and basically alone, except for her one female friend, Julie Duprat, who helped her during her illness. She had her journal sent to Armand after her death, explaining why she had made the choices she had. I think Dumas's last few lines about Marguerite being the exception, not the rule were quite true, and I also agreed with his view that while her lifestyle could not be condoned, we as a society assume that all of these type of women are cold and heartless, while this may not always be the case. A person can make the wrong choices in life when they are young, and try to redeem themselves, but sometimes past situations prevent them from changing their lives, even though they desperately wish to do so. This applies to both men and women in many different types of circumstances: involvement in crime; drug or alcohol abuse; gambling; prostitution; financial problems; poor marriage choices; etc. And this is the fact, which exists in the whole society.
As far as the other characters in the book, I think Marguerite was right in saying that no one truly cared about her, but only wanted something from her, the only exceptions being Armand and Julie Duprat. Of course, the Comte de G. and Comte de N. wanted her body and appearance. The
Duke needed to “wake up and smell the coffee” and realize that she could never replace his dead daughter. If he truly cared, he could have helped her leave her lifestyle without “keeping” her himself. And lastly, Prudence was a blood-sucking leech who used Marguerite almost worse than the men. I also think she was jealous of the fact that Marguerite had so much more courage than herself and someone truly loved her.
Last morning, when tiding my bookshelf, I took this book out of the shelf, and a dried flower flew away from the book. It was pale blue, very transparent, with thin fine veins. a dried flower flew away from the book. It was pale blue, very transparent, with thin fine veins. I held it against the morning light and blew on it. The soft breeze carried it away. Camille is just like the camellia, she could never escape from the destiny of withering. But it wasn’t her fault; it’s because of the evil of Capitalism and the hideousness of that society.
Suddenly, I remembered a saying: “Women are like the flowers”. Those pretty women are like those beautiful flowers; their delicate beauty makes people feel they are the miracle of life. However, even the God envies their beauty. It seems that beautiful women always have tragic endings. As we are normal persons, even we can see the hideousness of humanity that results in their fate of withering, we can at most ask quietly in our hearts: Where have those beautiful flowers gone? Where have they gone?
The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe
It seemed to be such a coincidence that the night after I finished reading The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe, I was to dine in a restaurant distinctly related to the book itself. This restaurant was no other than the famous American-styled “Friday ’s. ” The reason for mentioning this restaurant is quite straightforward to all the gentlemen, ladies and children who have read the novel and enjoyed it, which is the fact that this restaurant was, most likely, named after the American Native in Robinson Crusoe, called Friday. This restaurant offers very exceptional service, for instance when the waitresses are asked to order dishes they kneel rather than stand, which, unlike the other restaurants I have been to, makes it easier for the customers to hear them speak. Moreover, Friday’s friendly services to the customers help them to make better choices when ordering dishes. I remembered when I went to Friday ’s last time; the waitress kindly described the items on the menu with precise details. It turned out that the combo I initially wanted was designed to be shared among a large group, not to be eaten by one person. I think this restaurant shows many commendable features similar to that of Friday. Friday brought emotional warmth to the people around him with his appealing personality. I think it was this personality that affected Crusoe and made him say that he loved Friday when Crusoe didn ’t express love for his parents, brothers, sisters, or even his wife. “When he espied me, he came running to me, laying himself down again upon the ground, with all the possible signs of an humble, thankful disposition, making many antic gestures to show it to let me know how he would serve me as long as he lived.” This was what Friday did after Crusoe had rescued him from the two savages chasing him. It was easy for me to see why Crusoe had loved Friday. After sometime, Crusoe and Friday were to rescue Friday’s father. When Friday reunited with his father, the scene was easy to move anyone: “It would have moved anyone to tears to have seen how Friday kissed him, embraced him, hugged him, cried, laughed, halloed, jumped about, danced,
sung; and then sung and jumped about again, like a distracted creature. It was a good while before I could make him speak to me.” This is my favourite chapter in the whole book. It is hard to see why Friday is an ex-savage when he can have personalities more praiseworthy than many civilized people, viz. Crusoe himself. “When he (Friday went to him (Friday’s father, he would sit down by him, open his breast, and hold his father’s head close to his bosom, half an hour together, to nourish it; then he took his arms and ankles, which were numbed and stiff with the binding, and rubbed them with his hands.” Furthermore, Friday’s expression of loyalty in asking Crusoe to kill him rather than leave him is more heartfelt than anything Crusoe ever says or does.
Crusoe, on the absolute contrary, seems incapable of deep feelings, as shown by his account of leaving his family—he never shows any emotions. After a moving lecture from Robinson’s father about his future, he still decided to follow his own wandering ambition. Careless was he about the wishes of his parents to keep him alive and prosperous, as he was the only child left in the family. When he came back from the island which he had lived on for twenty eight years, he found that it had been too late to tell his parents that he was still alive, but yet again he did not feel sorry for them; he also did not feel sorry for the two people who had to live in misery for nearly thirty years under the allusion all of their sons were dead. He had the same feelings for his wife: when he was married, he said it was “not either to my disadvantage or dissatisfaction”, implying that it was also neither to his advantage nor his satisfaction. Moreover, after his wife died, Robinson did not think of looking after the three children they had, but went back to the island, which he had lived on for twenty-eight years. It was on this trip which Robinson Crusoe revisited “His Island ” as he called it. I feel that Robinson ’s indifference to his family is almost emotionally cruel.
Before had clearly shown the contrast between Crusoe’s and Friday’s personalities, as when Friday, in his joyful reunion with his father, displayed far more emotion toward his family members than Crusoe, whereas Crusoe never mentions missing his family or dreams about the happiness of seeing them again. I think Defore is very successful in introducing Friday as part of the novel, it makes the whole novel seem much more complete and gripping to the reader, as well as proving that Defoe’s ideology of racism is civilized unlike many other Europeans at that time; natives and savages are not worse than others but can perhaps even be more modern and civilized. Those are the reasons of why I like The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe and Friday.
