1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
What our life will be like in the future?When I was a little boy,I always asked myself this question.At that time,I had no idea what Internet was.But now,we use it every day.We can't live without it.Internet is become so popular and so convenient.
Just forget it.What our life will be like in the future?For example,in ten years.I think that in ten years our life will be much more colorful,our computer will be much powerful,and we can do almost everything on the internet including seeing a doctor.What about your future life ?Will you share with me?
看扬州大明寺有感 六月花尽, 不见人间烟火。有塔九重,名唤栖灵。
以前总感觉庙宇是一个庄严的地方、太过严肃,总也进不了我的心。随着年龄的增长,对这类地方的好感增多,虽不至于磕长头、上香火,但也能领略出寺庙里独特的气氛,一个人在里面呆的久了,难免会受环境影响,心会逐渐变得沉静而空灵。
大明寺香火很鼎盛,可能是去的早了,没有多少游人,大雄宝殿前的大鼎里香火弥漫,有来得早的信徒在哪里虔诚的祈拜。大鼎后面的大香炉围着满满一圈的祈福丝带,寺院里佛乐悠扬,似乎是另一个世界,安详而宁静。
为了不亵渎佛门清净之地,我只在佛堂外照了些相片。大雄宝殿里还有一个男孩子跪在蒲团上背经书,的确是用背的,还很生涩。很难想象一个穿着时尚的男孩如此虔诚。
曲径通幽处,禅房花木深。寺院大多不是以风景吸引人眼球,迷人的只是那种气氛。其余的与一般寺院无
二。但栖灵塔无疑是大明寺的亮点,隋文帝时期建造,后被天火所毁,现在呈现在我面前的也只是后人重建的。塔高九层,在底下看非常宏伟,只可惜外面正在修缮,于是买了门票登塔欣赏。塔的第二曾供奉了舍利,神话剧里面关于舍利的说明十分神奇,正想见识一下长什么样,无奈被供奉的太过严密,看了半天愣是没看到,加上只有一面门开着,里面的灯火又昏暗,只得作罢。沿着狭窄的木楼梯上了第三曾,见识到了传说中的塔中塔。第三楼供奉着一座金丝楠木打造的祈福塔,精致非常。至于其余楼层,都一样的供奉着莲花台上四面环绕而坐的释迦牟尼。
抱着欣赏的心态,不觉的上了九楼。没感觉很累,只是迫不及待的来到回廊俯瞰着大明寺,顶楼风大,没有什么人,传言栖灵塔上能看到整个扬州,这话太过牵强,不过西湖、观音山之类的还是看得很清楚。“登上九重宝塔,并肩看天地皓大”河图的歌又一次被我牵强的了。没有想象中的高,不过一个人站在塔上,眼前的广阔与心中说不清的思绪纠缠在一起,的确另有一番味道。
等到下塔时游人已经有很多了,虽然还是佛乐飘扬,只是再也没有那种平和的'气氛。于是去了藏经阁前观了一会儿鲤鱼,顺便恢复下体力。随后去了钟楼,栖灵塔的票能在钟楼撞钟三下,一声钟吉祥如意、二声钟心想事成,三声钟佛佑平安。愿望很美好,钟声很悠长。似乎耳边还有余音,下了楼,便离开了逐渐喧腾的大明寺。
现在人应该多去一些庙宇类的地方,不为迷信,也不为求什么。只是感受一下这种气氛,涤荡心灵的尘埃。人世间有太多烦恼需要放下,那暮鼓晨钟不该被人所遗忘。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
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